Highly sensitive fiber optic surface plasmon resonance sensor employing 2D nanomaterials
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Highly sensitive fiber optic surface plasmon resonance sensor employing 2D nanomaterials Mohamed Alagdar1 · Bedir Yousif2 · Nehal F. Areed1 · Mahmoud Elzalabani1 Received: 22 March 2020 / Accepted: 8 June 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Optical fiber-based surface plasmon resonance sensors using, silver layer (Ag), platinum (Pt), and indium tin oxide in addition to 2D nanomaterials such as graphene are presented in this research. In terms of sensitivity (S) and figure of merit (FoM), the performance analysis of the proposed and configured sensor has been demonstrated. The proposed sensors are based on the scheme of Kretschmann for obtaining the transmitted power using the transfer matrix method and the equations of Fresnel. With theoretical and numerical studies, the reported sensor exhibits a good wavelength sensitivity which is improved to the maximum value of 4150 nm/RIU. Full width half maximum values are minimized to be 59 nm and the FoM is optimized to be 70 RIU−1 which gives better sensing properties in comparison with other published articles. Keywords Graphene (G) · Indium tin oxide (ITO) · Refractive index (RI) · Transfer matrix method (TMM)
1 Introduction Recently, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors have many advantages such as real-time and fast detection, low cost, simple structure, and high sensitivity. It has broad application prospects in biological sensors, biochemical sensors, gas sensing, diagnostics of medical issues [1, 2], optical switching, nonlinear optics, photodetection [3], and food safety detection [4]. SPR refers to the coherent charge density oscillations of the electrons at the metal–dielectric interface stimulated by p-polarized electromagnetic waves which are very sensitive to any changes in the refractive index (RI) of the surrounding [5, 6]. The propagating characteristics have been illustrated at the metal–dielectric interface by surface plasmon waves (SPW) with transverse directions decaying [7]. This decaying plays an important role in the sensing of any variations in the RI of the surrounding medium [8, 9]. The first observation of SPR phenomena began more than one hundred years ago by Wood * Mohamed Alagdar [email protected] 1
Electronics and Communications Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 35514, Egypt
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[10]. Then, Liedberg initially used SPR for sensing purposes in 1983[11]. After that, the developments in the field of SPR sensors have drawn great attention and a lot of researches have been designed and configured [5, 12, 13]. There are two of the commonly used types of configurations for the SPR geometrics [14]; Kretschmann configuration [7], and Otto’s configuration [15]. The configurations of Kretschmann and Otto are based on the principle of attenuated total internal reflection (ATR) mechanism. Due to Otto’s configuration disadvantages, the configuration of Krets
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