How Does Deprivation Affect Early-Age Mortality? Patterns of Socioeconomic Determinants of Neonatal and Postneonatal Mor
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How Does Deprivation Affect Early-Age Mortality? Patterns of Socioeconomic Determinants of Neonatal and Posteonatal Mortality in Bolivia Filippo Temporin 1 # Population Association of America 2020
Abstract Three mechanisms related to household living standards might affect early-age mortality: the absolute level of deprivation, its level relative to the average of the community, and the inequality in the distribution of deprivation within communities. A large body of literature has explored the effect of the absolute level of deprivation, but little research has examined the association between relative deprivation and early-age mortality, and findings related to deprivation inequality are inconsistent. Using 2008 Bolivian Demographic and Health Survey data, this study explores patterns of association between the three factors and mortality occurring in the neonatal and postneonatal periods. Because household-level deprivation might capture some unmeasured characteristics at the community level, such as area-specific investments, this study decomposes household-level deprivation into its between- and within-community components. The results show that after possible confounders are controlled for, communitylevel absolute deprivation is a significant predictor of neonatal and postneonatal mortality. Relative deprivation and deprivation inequality are not associated with early-age mortality. These findings are specific to a context of widespread deprivation and low inequality within communities; the role of the distribution of deprivation might be more important in countries in which basic needs are met within a bigger proportion of the population. This study helps identify crucial sectors of development related to living standards and deprivation inequality in order to tackle neonatal and postneonatal mortality. Keywords Neonatal mortality . Postneonatal mortality . Absolute deprivation . Relative
deprivation . Deprivation inequality Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-02000907-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
* Filippo Temporin [email protected]
1
London School of Economics and Political Science, Room 1.19, Department of Social Policy, LSE, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK
F. Temporin
Introduction In many studies on neonatal and infant mortality, traditional biodemographic determinants account for only a limited proportion of household-level variation in mortality (Bengtsson and Dribe 2010; Edvinsson and Janssens 2012). Socioeconomic determinants of infant and child mortality have been extensively analyzed in the literature, but neonatal and postneonatal mortality require further investigation (Neal 2009). The determinant of primary interest in this article is deprivation, interpreted as a lack of basic needs related to housing conditions and living standards. Deprivation can be considered as a concept underlying certain characteristics of living standards and can be derived from a set of observ
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