Early Neonatal Mortality
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Early Detection and Treatment of Diseases Prevention, Secondary
Early Neonatal Mortality Definition Early neonatal mortality is defined as the death of an infant within 7 days of life.
Eating Nutrition
Definition We talk about an eating disorder if an abnormal eating behavior represents the main symptom of a psychological disorder. It is not just a “bad habit”, but a disorder that is associated with severe psychosocial limitations (e. g. thoughts, feelings and activity focusing on food-related issues), increased mortality, physical complications (e. g. cardiovascular problems and renal insufficiency) and psychiatric symptoms like episodes of depression. An eating disorder is a complex compulsion to eat in a way that disturbs mental and physical health as well. The eating may be too limited (i. e. restricting) or excessive (i. e.compulsive, over-eating); it may include normal eating punctuated with episodes of purging or cycles of binging and purging. The three most common eating disorders are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Basic Characteristics History
Eating Disorders M ICHAEL L INGEN University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany [email protected]
Anorexia nervosa has been described in detail as early as in the 19th century and bulimia nervosa in 1978. The concept of binge eating disorders is relatively new, introduced to the classification systems only in 1990. Anorexia Nervosa
Synonyms Anorexia; Anorexia nervosa; Atypical anorexia nervosa; Bulimia; Bulimia nervosa; Atypical bulimia nervosa; Binge-eating disorder; Vomiting associated with other psychological disturbances; Psychogenic vomiting; Overeating associated with other psychological disturbances; Psychogenic overeating; Psychogenic loss of appetite; Pica in adults
According to the DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association), the leading symptom of anorexia nervosa is a body weight of 85% of that expected or, according to ICD-10 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems) a body-mass-index (BMI = weight [kg]/ height2 [m2 ]) at or below 17.5. Further characteristics are a distinct fear of weight gain despite being under-
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Eating Disorders
weight, a distorted body image with regard to shape and weight or their disproportionate importance for the self-evaluation, as well as an amenorrhea. The disorder of the body scheme manifests itself in a distorted body perception in which one’s own body is perceived as being not thin or even as too fat despite being underweight. This perception is accompanied by a disorder of visceral processes, so that hunger, satiety and the emotions associated with them can no longer be correctly identified. The aspired weight loss is mainly achieved by avoiding high-caloric food, self-induced vomiting, laxative and diuretics abuse and excessive exercise. The above-mentioned amenorrhea is mostly a consequence of weight loss or the ensuing reduced production of the hormone estroge
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