How Hollywood Projects Foreign Policy

This book examines US foreign policy toward the so-called 'rogue states' and the products of the Hollywood film industry in relation to these states, which promises to make a significant contribution to our understanding of the 'soft power' that is p

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How Hollywood Projects Foreign Policy

Sally-Ann Totman Foreword by

Gary Scudder

HOW HOLLYWOOD PROJECTS FOREIGN POLICY

Copyright © Sally-Ann Totman, 2009. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2009 978-0-230-61869-5 All rights reserved. First published in 2009 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States—a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-38130-2 ISBN 978-0-230-10122-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230101227 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Totman, Sally-Ann. How Hollywood projects foreign policy / by Sally-Ann Totman ; foreword by Gary Scudder. p. cm. ISBN 978-1-349-38130-2 (alk. paper) 1. International relations in motion pictures. 2. Motion pictures and history. 3. Motion pictures—United States—History. I. Title. PN1995.9.I57T67 2009 791.43'635873—dc22

2009009907

A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: November 2009 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

For my two wonderful children: Julia and Paul

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Contents

List of Figures

ix

Foreword

xi

1 Introduction The Carter Administration The Reagan Administration The Bush (41) Administration The Clinton Administration The Bush (43) Administration 2

The End of the Cold War: Rogue States and Their Characteristics

1 18 21 25 28 29 33

3 The Islamic Republic of Iran

51

4

71

The Republic of Cuba

5 The Great Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

89

6 The Republic of Iraq

105

7

The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

119

8

The Republic of Sudan

135

9 The Syrian Arab Republic

143

10

Conclusion

153

Appendix I: Transcripts of President Clinton’s Two Speeches Following the U.S. Air Strikes against Sudan and Afghanistan

171

Appendix II: Lists of films that have and have not received Pentagon assistance

175

viii



Contents

Notes

177

Bibliography

199

Filmography

211

Index

217

Figures

2.1 Countries that pose the greatest threat to the US according to Americans in 1994

43

2.2 Perception of foreign countries

50

4.1 American opinion of Cuba

72

4.2 American support for reestablishing relations with Cuba

80

5.1

American perception of Libya

103

6.1 American opinion of Iraq

113

6.2 American support of the US War in Iraq

113

10.1

America’s greatest threat trends

10.2 America’s greatest threats in 2006

163 163

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Foreword

S

eemingly since the evil Czarist tr