Foreign Policy Analysis: A Comparative Introduction

This book's introduction to foreign policy analysis focuses on decision makers and decision making. Each chapter is organised around puzzles and questions to which undergraduates can relate. The book emphasizes the importance of individuals in foreign pol

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Foreign Policy Analysis: A Comparative Introduction Marijke Breuning

Foreign Policy Analysis Copyright © Marijke Breuning, 2007. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2007 978-0-312-29619-3 First published in 2007 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS. Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-38829-5 ISBN 978-0-230-60924-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230609242 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Breuning, Marijke, 1957– Foreign policy analysis: a comparative introduction / Marijke Breuning. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-312-29619-3 (alk. paper) 1. International relations—Research. 2. International relations—Study and teaching. I. Title. JZ1234.B74 2007 327.1—dc22 2007014791 A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Scribe Inc. First edition: November 2007 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Contents

List of Tables

vii

Preface

ix

Chapter 1

Why Study Foreign Policy Comparatively?

Chapter 2

Do Leaders Shape Foreign Policy?

27

Chapter 3

How Leaders Make Sense of the World

53

Chapter 4

Leaders Are Not Alone: The Role of Advisors and Bureaucracies

85

Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7

1

Leaders in Context I: Domestic Constraints on Foreign Policy Making

115

Leaders in Context II: International Constraints on Foreign Policy Making

141

Who or What Determines Foreign Policy?

163

Glossary

177

Bibliography

187

Index

203

Tables

1.1.

Levels of analysis and the study of foreign policy

12

1.2.

Levels of analysis and causation

15

1.3.

Foreign policy analysis and social scientific terminology

19

2.1.

Classification of leader personality types

40

2.2.

The operational code: determining the philosophical and instrumental beliefs of leaders

42

2.3.

Leadership trait analysis

44

3.1.

Comparing normative and empirical rationality

60

4.1.

Comparison of executive management styles

92

4.2.

Models of decision making

97

6.1.

Measures of capabilities

145

6.2.

Geographic circumstances

148

Preface

This text reflects a specific point of view about the field of foreign policy analysis. It places the individual decision maker at the heart of the foreign policy decision making process. For this reason, the book starts with a discussion of the role of leaders and then proceeds to situate these individual decision makers in the context of advisors and bureaucracies, as well as domestic and internationa