Hunger and satiety perception in patients with severe anorexia nervosa
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Hunger and satiety perception in patients with severe anorexia nervosa Camilla Klastrup1,2,3,4 · Jacob Frølich1,2,3,4 · Laura Al‑Dakhiel Winkler1,2,3,4 · René Klinkby Støving1,2,3,4 Received: 30 March 2019 / Accepted: 13 August 2019 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
Abstract Objectives Appetite is a subjective essential sense. In patients with severe anorexia nervosa (AN), controversy remains whether this sensation is altered. The objectives were to clarify, in patients with severe AN: (1) Whether the appetite changes during partial weight restoration, (2) Whether potential changes in appetite are related to (i) diagnostic subtype of AN, (ii) psychopharmacological treatment, (iii) disease duration, (iv) duration of hospitalization, and (v) baseline body mass index (BMI). Methods The study consisted of 39 patients, with a mean age of 23.7 ± 8 and an admission mean BMI of 13.1 ± 2.0 kg/m2. The patients were consecutively admitted to a specialized somatic nutrition unit between 2015 and 2016. They were asked to rate their hunger and satiety on a numeric visual analog scale (VAS), before and after a lunch meal at admission and at discharge in the same standardized environment. The patients could participate more than once if readmitted, resulting in a total of 119 observed meals. Data were analyzed in a regression model for repeated measures. Results At admission, changes in hunger and satiety perception were weak. After weight gain of 10.4% ± 8.5% within a median of 26 (IQR: 25) days, there was a slight increase in hunger perception, p = 0.049. However, there was no detectable change in satiety perception. There was no noticeable correlation between appetite change and psychopharmacological treatment, diagnostic subtype, BMI, duration of hospitalization, and disease duration. Conclusion Hospitalized patients with severe AN exhibit strikingly weak changes in hunger and satiety perception during standardized and supervised meals. Level of evidence Level IV, evidence obtained from multiple time series analysis. Keywords Anorexia nervosa · Appetite · Hunger · Satiety · Refeeding
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-019-00769-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * René Klinkby Støving [email protected] 1
Center for Eating Disorders, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
2
Endocrine Research Unit, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
3
Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
4
Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a syndrome defined by restriction of energy intake leading to significantly low body weight (in context of what is minimally expected for age, sex, developmental trajectory, and physical health), an intense fear of gaining weight or of becoming fat, and distorted body image [1]. Two clinical subtypes are defined: a restricting type and
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