Hybrids containing zirconium and phosphorus compounds obtained by sol-gel method
- PDF / 2,834,100 Bytes
- 15 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 67 Downloads / 150 Views
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Hybrids containing zirconium and phosphorus compounds obtained by sol-gel method Gheorghe Ilia 1,2 & Vasile Simulescu 1,2 & Iosif Hulka 3 Received: 16 July 2020 / Revised: 21 October 2020 / Accepted: 27 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In the present work, novel organic-inorganic hybrids containing zirconium and phosphorus compounds were synthesized by using the sol-gel method, starting from zirconyl chloride hexahydrate (ZrOCl2·6H2O) and phenyl phosphonic acid (PPA). All the syntheses were performed at room temperature by using water as solvent. For some of the performed syntheses, alcohols with long hydrocarbon chain (n = 4–8) were added to the sol-gel process. They behave as nonionic surfactants due to their hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups, and they decrease the surface tension but without micelles formation, therefore without reaching CMC (critical micellar concentration). At a certain concentration, they will phase separate. This leads to the formation of a liquid/ liquid interface. When the used alcohols were more hydrophobic, the obtained interface was more stable. This helped the synthesis and significantly changed its kinetics, as follows: in water, the chemical reaction was finished in 6 h, but when heptanol or octanol were added, the reaction time decreased to 3 h. Keywords Hybrids . Zirconium . Phosphorus . Surfactants . Interface . Sol-gel
Introduction The sol-gel method is also called “Chimie Douce” because the syntheses take place in mild conditions, usually at room temperature, and by using green solvents (in general, the reactions are performed in water). It is a modern process used in the last decades for the synthesis of many hybrid materials containing different functional groups, as for instance alcoholic, carboxylic, or sulfonic groups [1–3]. Organic-inorganic hybrid materials which have a rigid inorganic backbone and flexible organic groups having functionalities that bear protons (as the abovementioned groups: –OH, –COOH, –SO3H) are
* Gheorghe Ilia [email protected] * Vasile Simulescu [email protected] 1
Institute of Chemistry “Coriolan Dragulescu”, 24 Mihai Viteazul Blv, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
2
Faculty of Chemistry, Biology, Geography, West University of Timisoara, 16 Pestalozzi Street, 300115 Timisoara, Romania
3
Research Institute for Renewable Energies, Politehnica University Timisoara, 38 Gavriil Musicescu, 300501 Timisoara, Romania
especially of great interest because their number of surface protons could be modified and controlled. Due to the surface protons and due to their complex structures, these new hybrid materials are expected to have solid-state proton conduction [4–7]. This makes them very useful for a lot of applications, as for instance fuel cells, sensors, water electrolysis units, and other electrochemical devices. By using the sol-gel process, several hybrid compounds could be obtained, as heterocyclic structures, organic-inorganic networks, flame retardants, new materials with pr
Data Loading...
