Bioactive Compounds Obtained from Oilseed By-Products with Subcritical Fluids: Effects on Fusarium verticillioides Growt

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ORIGINAL PAPER

Bioactive Compounds Obtained from Oilseed By‑Products with Subcritical Fluids: Effects on Fusarium verticillioides Growth Romina Bodoira1,2 · Alexis Velez2,4 · Damián Maestri2,3 · Jimena Herrera2,3 Received: 27 April 2019 / Accepted: 3 October 2019 © Springer Nature B.V. 2019

Abstract Recovery of bioactive compounds from wastes is gaining interest because they could add value to by-products arising from, for example, the oil extraction processes. In this work, green solvent extraction (water/ethanol under sub-critical conditions) was used to obtain bioactive compounds from peanut, sesame and pistachio agro-industrial by-products. Extracts were analyzed in their overall chemical composition and tested on growth, ergosterol and fumonisin ­FB1 production by Fusarium verticillioides. The effects of the extracts on fungal growth rate and biochemical markers were not univocal, and could be associated to differences in their chemical profiles. Extracts obtained from peanut skin—composed mainly by monomeric and dimeric flavonoids—caused significant reductions in fungal growth rate but increased F ­ B1 production. Extracts from sesame seeds—dominated by furofuran-type lignans—did not have a clear inhibitory effect on growth rate but strongly reduced both ­FB1 and ergosterol production. Extracts from pistachio nuts—characterized by monomeric flavonoids and gallic acid derivatives—showed minor effects on both fungal growth rate and biochemical markers. Sub-critical fluid extraction of peanut skin and defatted sesame seeds may provide an efficient method to obtain extracts rich in phenolic and lignan compounds with potential use as antifungal agents. Graphic Abstract

Keywords  Food oil industry wastes · Bioactive compounds · Natural antifungal · Subcritical extraction Abbreviations FB1 Fumonisin ­B1 GA Galic acid Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (https​://doi.org/10.1007/s1264​9-019-00839​-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Jimena Herrera [email protected]

HPLC–ESI–MS/MS High pressure liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–mass spectroscopy PNC Pistachio nuts cake PS Peanut skin SSC Sesame seed cake SFE Sub-critical fluid extraction TPC Total phenol content

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Statement of Novelty Currently the agricultural produces large quantities of plant wastes that contain bioactive molecules that can be assessed as functional ingredients, so this is a sustainable alternative to the byproducts exploitation. In particular ‘cakes’ are obtained after oil removal in the oil food industry and these are a source of bioactive compounds. Fungal contamination is an important crops constraint, so synthetic fungicides are widely used. An alternative is the use of botanical products, which are considered of minimum risk. In the current context, the search for sustainable, non-polluting extraction technologies for making natural biope

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