Hydraulic Conductivity and Compressive Strength of Cemented Soils
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Hydraulic Conductivity and Compressive Strength of Cemented Soils Este´fano da Silva Menger . Mozara Benetti . Lucas Festugato Lidiane da Silva Ibeiro . Renato Dutra Luza
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Received: 28 January 2020 / Accepted: 6 June 2020 Ó Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The addition of cementing agents is a well-known way of stabilizing an unsatisfactory soil for design parameters. This research evaluates three soils, namely pink kaolin silty soil, Botucatu weathered sandstone residual soil and Osorio uniform sand, stabilized with Portland cement type III. Hydraulic conductivity measurements were performed with a flexible wall permeameter, following the recommendations of ASTM D5084; unconfined compressive strength tests were also carried out, in accordance with ABNT NBR 12025. The result of this research observed a gain in compressive strength, best described as a linear gain with the increase in cement content, and as a power function as porosity decreases. The measured hydraulic conductivity observed a general reduction, similarly, with a linear decrease in regards to increasing cement content and decreased as a power function in regards to decreasing porosity. The possible correlation of the output variables
investigated suggests the existence of a grid-like relationship, which can be potentially useful in earthworks and more general applications.
E. S. Menger (&) M. Benetti L. Festugato Graduate Program in Civil Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil e-mail: [email protected]
1 Introduction
L. S. Ibeiro Department of Civil Engineering, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil R. D. Luza Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Keywords Ground improvement Permeability Environmental engineering Earthworks Hydraulic conductivity Cemented soil List of Symbols C Cement content w Water content qu Unconfined compressive strength k20 Hydraulic conductivity normalized at 20 °C g Soil porosity cd Dry unit weight or dry density Abbreviations UCS Unconfined compressive strength SRAB Botucatu weathered sandstone residual soil (in Portuguese)
There are numerous applications, in a general context of sanitation and environmental works, that use liners as a fundamental part of impact control, limiting the dispersion of gases and liquids in the environment (Ehrlich et al. 2019). With the function of preventing the transportation of contaminants, the cover and bottom of landfills and the containment of hazardous
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waste are just some examples. An essential parameter in these projects is hydraulic conductivity, which is an important requirement for the final product, it is necessary to ensure low permeability in order to not compromise performance (Divya et al. 2018; Jamshidi and Lake 2015). The hydraulic conductivity of a soil is a measure of its ability to allow fluid to flow through its voids. It is known that several
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