Hydrocarbon-generating potential of the Eocene Thebes Formation, Gulf of Suez: 1D basin modeling as a supplementary tool
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Hydrocarbon-generating potential of the Eocene Thebes Formation, Gulf of Suez: 1D basin modeling as a supplementary tool for source rock evaluation Mohammed Awad Ahmed 1
&
Mohamed Moustafa Afife 2
Received: 24 April 2018 / Accepted: 29 October 2018 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2018
Abstract The present work provides high-resolution modeling of the thermal maturation of the Eocene Thebes Formation using a multi-1D approach. The model focuses not solely on the thermal maturity but also on timing of hydrocarbon generation (primary generation and secondary cracking), adsorption by organic matter, and expulsion. The time-lapse conceptual model was developed using well log data, geochemical analyses, and composite logs. The stratigraphic sequence of the Belayim Marine oil field was subdivided into a time series based on the tectonic framework of the Gulf of Suez. An elevated basal heat flow has been assigned throughout the rifting phases and basin evolution. The simulation developed for seven wells reveals variations in burial, thermal history, and accordingly the thermal maturity. The predicted thermal maturity ranges from immature to mature with a different tendency to generate hydrocarbons (both primary generation of oil and/or gas secondary cracking) dependent on kerogen type, basin development, and burial history. Hydrocarbon generation (oil) starts after the Messinian Time Event during the deposition of the Post-Zeit Formation. Hydrocarbon generation was related to burial rather than basin evolution for the 113-M-27, BM-23, BM-65, and BM-70 wells. Conversely, generation correlated principally to basin development particularly Messinian Time Event for the 113-M-34 well. Expulsion occurred subsequent to generation of thermogenic gas (secondary cracking of generated oil). It is not possible to investigate the relationship between the production index and thermal maturity as a consequence of expulsion that reduced the S1 values. The different levels of thermal maturity (potential, active, and effective source rock) allow for the differentiation of regions of potential hydrocarbon accumulation that were charged from the Thebes Formation. Keywords Thermal maturity level . Thebes formation . Petroleum system modeling . Belayim marine oil field . Gulf of Suez . Organofacies . Conductive cooling
Introduction The Gulf of Suez accounts for about 66% of the entire crude oil production of Egypt (Hammad 2009), and consequently, it is subjected to intensive exploration activities. The basin contains sedimentary fill of about 3–5 km
* Mohammed Awad Ahmed [email protected] Mohamed Moustafa Afife [email protected] 1
Applied Geophysics, Geology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
2
Petroleum Geology, Geology Department, Benha University-Egypt, Benha, Egypt
ranging in age from Miocene to Holocene (James et al. 1988). The Suez basin is oriented approximately north/ northwest–south/southeast (Fig. 1). Generally, the rift basin is considered as a narrow, elongated trough dominate
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