Hydrogen Evolution Over Heteropoly Blue-Sensitized Pt/TiO 2 Under Visible Light Irradiation
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Hydrogen Evolution Over Heteropoly Blue-Sensitized Pt/TiO2 Under Visible Light Irradiation Ning Fu Æ Gongxuan Lu
Received: 15 June 2008 / Accepted: 16 September 2008 / Published online: 10 October 2008 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2008
Abstract We report the visible light-induced hydrogen generation over heteropoly blue (HPB) sensitized Pt/TiO2 photocatalyst. HPB was obtained via UV-induced reduction of heteropoly acid K5(BW11O39H4) 12.8H2O (BW11) in glycerol aqueous solution. The photocatalytic activity for hydrogen generation was found to be dependent on the concentration of HPB in the solution. Keywords Photocatalyst Sensitization Heteropoly blue (HPB) Visible light
1 Introduction Due to the consistent emission of carbon dioxide and the fast exhaustion of fossil resources, the global-warming and energy pressure becomes seriously in coming years. The extensive endeavour has been made for exploration of new techniques both of replacing fossil resources by renewable energy and new methods of energy application. From both points of view, hydrogen for fuel cell from solar energy is a promising way. The photocatalytic hydrogen generation
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10562-008-9681-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. N. Fu G. Lu (&) State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected] N. Fu Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
from water is the best possible route. Some photocatalysts were reported active for hydrogen generation under UV light irradiation, such as TiO2 [1], NiO-SrTiO3 [2], Ta2O5 [3], (Ga1-xZnx)(N1-xOx) [4] and BaM1/3N2/3O3(M = Ni, Zn; N = Nb, Ta) [5]. Among these semiconductors, TiO2 has been identified as a chemical stable, low cost, lowtoxicity, and electronic material [6, 7]. However, TiO2 is a large band gap semiconductor (Eg [ 3.2 eV) and can only be excited by UV light. In addition, visible light sensitive photocatalyst is highly desirable because visible light ([400 nm) is the major component (ca. 43%) of sunlight input on the earth. In order to achieve hydrogen generation from solar energy over TiO2 based catalyst, it is necessary to extend the absorption of TiO2 based photocatalyst to visible light region. In the attempted efforts, the sensitization of TiO2 with the photosensitive dyes (e.g., phthalocyanines, Ru(bpy)32? and derivatives, and 8-hydroxyquinoline complex) seems to be a successful route [8–21]. The sensitization of TiO2 was identified very successful in solar cell. The efficiency from solar energy to electricity was achieved up to 11% by Gra¨tzel et al. [22]. Recently, some attempts to replace organic dyes with inorganic semiconductor quantum dots have been made, such as using CdSe [23], CdS, PbS, Ag2S, Sb2S3, and Bi2S3 [24]. Exploring new inorganic dye as sensit
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