Nonmetal element doped g-C 3 N 4 with enhanced H 2 evolution under visible light irradiation
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i Gao Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Center of Modern Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China; and School of the Environmetal, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
Lin Dongb) Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China; and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Center of Modern Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China (Received 1 October 2017; accepted 22 November 2017)
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is considered as a promising heterogeneous catalyst for photocatalytic H2 evolution from water under visible light illustration, and its photocatalytic performance could be controlled through its texture and optical/electronic properties. Herein, we present a facile one-step heating method for the synthesis of B/P/F doped g-C3N4 photocatalysts (BCN, PCN, and FCN). The prepared photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, UV-vis absorption, FTIR, BET, XPS, PL, and photocurrent measurement. The results show that the B/P/F doping increased the interplanar stacking distance of g-C3N4, enlarged the optical absorption range, and improved the photocatalytic activity of H2 evolution. FCN exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity, followed by BCN, and PCN that has the lowest performance. This work studies the doping effects of the nonmetal elements on the photocatalytic activities, the electronic structures as well as the band gaps of g-C3N4, to provide a feasible modification pathway to design and synthesize highly efficient photocatalysts.
I. INTRODUCTION
Recently, the aggravated energy and environmental problems have encouraged extensive investigation of new clean energy to replace traditional fossil fuels. Photocatalytic technology is considered as the effective means for converting solar energy to chemical energy. Especially, the photocatalytic hydrogen production from water has become one of the most exciting, sustainable, and environmentally friendly technologies for producing renewable fuels. The photocatalytic hydrogen production could convert solar energy to chemical energy from water, which is potential to replace the traditional fossil fuels. In 1972, Fujishima and Honda found that Pt and rutile TiO2 electrodes could photoelectrochemically split water under visible light.1 Since then, photocatalytic water
Contributing Editor: Tianyu Liu Address all correspondence to these authors. a) e-mail: [email protected] b) e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2017.472
splitting to produce hydrogen has been considered as an ideal technology. Lots of semiconductor photocatalysts were reported, such as TiO2,2 ZnO,3 Cu2O,4 SrTiO3,5 CdS,6 MoS2,7 and BiVO4,8 to enhance the optical absorption range of the semiconductors, the separation capability of the photoinduced electron–hole pairs, the photocatalytic stability of the photocatalysts, etc. Recently, it is found that graphiti
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