Hydrogen Sulfide in Plant Biology
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recognized as an important signaling molecule in animal cells, and accumulating data suggest it is also a signal involved in various physiological processes in plants alongside with other reactive compounds such as hydrogen
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Hydrogen Sulfide in Plant Biology Hua Zhang
Abstract Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recognized as an important signaling molecule in animal cells, and accumulating data suggest it is also a signal involved in various physiological processes in plants alongside with other reactive compounds such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO). The enzyme system which generates H2S and removes it has been studied in both animal cells and plants. In this section, the effects of H2S on plant growth, development, and stress resistance toward heavy metals, salt, drought, etc. are reviewed, and future perspectives are discussed.
1 Introduction Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), long being regarded as a toxic gas, has been recognized as an important signaling molecule in diverse organisms such as bacteria, fungi, worms, human, and plants (Kabil et al. 2014). At high concentrations, H2S was known to be toxic, while at much lower concentrations, it has been proposed to act as a signaling molecule in conjunction with other reactive molecules, especially carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Lisjak et al. 2013; Hancock and Whiteman 2014). Recent evidence in animal systems indicates that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) also acts as a messenger to elicit hibernation states (Blackstone et al. 2005), inhibit insulin signaling (Yang et al. 2005), and regulate inflammation (Szabo´ 2007) and blood vessel caliber (Li and Moore 2008). Because of its reputation as a toxic gas, the physiological function of H2S in plants has been overlooked. Effects of H2S on plants can date back to 1960s, when H2S was reported to influence the overall physiology of vegetative plants and to affect disease resistance (Rodriguez-Kabana et al. 1965; Joshi and Hollis 1977). Continuous fumigation of various plants with high concentrations of H2S caused
H. Zhang (*) School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China e-mail: [email protected] © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 L. Lamattina, C. Garcı´a-Mata (eds.), Gasotransmitters in Plants, Signaling and Communication in Plants, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-40713-5_2
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leaf lesions, defoliation, reduced growth, and even death in sensitive species, while lower levels of H2S could stimulate plant growth (Thompson and Kats 1978). In recent years, H2S has been shown to modulate stress responses in plants, both biotic and abiotic (Hancock and Whiteman 2014). Mainly based on pharmacological approach, H2S was found to regulate many processes in plants, including seed germination, stomatal movement, root organogenesis, and photosynthesis (Garcı´aMata and Lamattina 2010; Jin et al. 2011, 2013; Lisjak et al. 2013; Zhang et al. 2008, 2009a). Besides, a senescence-alleviating role of H2S has been found in fruits, vegetables, and flowers, such as strawberry, kiwifruit, pears, and fresh-cut flowers (Gao et al. 2013; Hu et al. 2012, 2014b; Zhang et al. 2011a. Meanwhile, the endogenous production of H2S in plants is also ob
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