Hydrogen Sulfide: Physiological and Pathophysiological Functions
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recognized as an endogenous gaseous mediator. The past decade has seen an exponential growth of scientific interest in the physiological and pathological significance of H2S especially with respect to its roles in the centr
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Hydrogen Sulfide: Physiological and Pathophysiological Functions Yi Tong Liu and Jin-Song Bian
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recognized as an endogenous gaseous mediator. The past decade has seen an exponential growth of scientific interest in the physiological and pathological significance of H2S especially with respect to its roles in the central nervous and the cardiovascular systems. In cardiovascular system, H2S regulates heart contractile function and may serve as a cardioprotectant for treating ischemic heart diseases and heart failure. Alterations of the endogenous H2S level have been found in animal models with various pathological conditions such as myocardial ischemia, spontaneous hypertension, and hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. In the central nervous system, H2S facilitates long-term potentiation and regulates intracellular calcium concentration in brain cells. Intriguingly, H2S produces antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects that may be of relevance to neurodegenerative disorders. Abnormal generation and metabolism of H2S have been reported in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and recurrent febrile seizure. Exogenously applied H2S is demonstrated to be valuable in the treatment against febrile seizure and Parkinson’s disease. In addition, H2S also regulates the physiological and pathological functions of kidney, pancreas and bone. Exogenously applied H2S may protect against ischemic kidney injuries and osteoporosis. This article surveys the growing recognition of H2S as an endogenous signaling molecule in mammals and its functions in different biological systems. We will emphasize on its physiological and pathological functions in the cardiovascular, central nervous and renal systems. Keywords
Gasotransmitter • Hydrogen sulphide • Pharmacology • Physiology • Pathology
Y.T. Liu • J.-S. Bian (*) Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 18 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore e-mail: [email protected] H. Kimura (ed.), Hydrogen Sulfide and its Therapeutic Applications, DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-1550-3_6, # Springer-Verlag Wien 2013
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Y.T. Liu and J.-S. Bian
Abbreviations
[Ca2+]i LVdp/dtmax 1-K 2K1C 3-MST 6-OHDA AC ACE AD Ang II AOAA APD ApoE ATN ATP AVF BACE-1 BKCa BP cAMP CAT CBS cGMP CKD CNS CO COX-2 CSE DA DEANO ECs EDHF ER ERK (MAPK) FENa FEK FF FS GABA GFR GLT1
Intracellular Ca2+ Maximal/minimal left ventricular pressure development Uninephrectomy 2-Kidneys-1-clip Mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase 6-Hydroxydopamine Adenylyl cyclase Angiotensin-converting enzyme Alzheimer’s disease Angiotensin II Aminooxyacetic acid Action potential duration Apolipoprotein E Acute tubular necrosis Adenosine triphosphate Arteriovenous fistula Beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 Large Conductance Ca2+ activated potassium channels Blood pressure Cyclic adenosine monophosphate Cysteine aminotransferase Cystathionine β-synthase Cyclic guanosine monophospha
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