Hydrothermal Assisted Synthesis of Micro-Bricks Shaped WO 3 for Electrochemical Oxidation of Paracetamol: A Microstructu
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rothermal Assisted Synthesis of Micro-Bricks Shaped WO3 for Electrochemical Oxidation of Paracetamol: A Microstructured Paracetamol Sensor Bhagyashri B. Kamblea, Anita K. Tawadeb, Pravin Kambleb, Mukesh N. Padavib, Kiran Kumar K. Sharmab, Balu D. Ajalkara, and Shivaji N. Tayadec, * a
Shivraj College Gadhinglaj, Shivaji University, Maharashtra, Kolhapur, 416004 India School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Maharashtra, Kolhapur, 416004 India c Department of chemistry, Shivaji University, Maharashtra, Kolhapur, 416004 India *e-mail: [email protected]
b
Received December 29, 2018; revised July 19, 2019; accepted October 8, 2019
Abstract—A micro-bricks shaped tungsten oxide (WO3) was prepared by hydrothermal method. The prepared material was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The prepared material was used as a modifier for glassy carbon electrode by a simple drop casting method to the study the electrochemical characteristics of paracetamol by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry methods. This sensor shows high catalytic activity for the oxidation of paracetamol. The limits of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 7. 17 × 10–4 and 2.39 × 10–3 M with a linear range of 0.75 × 10–4 to 6.75 × 10–3 M. The proposed sensor was successfully used for determining the paracetamol content in a human urine samples. Keywords: WO3 micro bricks, paracetamol, hydrothermal, voltammetry and drug sensor DOI: 10.1134/S1023193520050043
INTRODUCTION Paracetamol (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol) is abundantly used as an analgesic and antipyretic drug [1]. It is effective to cure bacterial and viral fevers across the globe. It has significant importance due to its temperate properties not only as an effective analgesic but also biologically safe to cure pains associated with headache, arthritis, backache, toothache and postoperative pain [2, 3]. Limited dose of paracetamol has less side effects, However, higher dose may cause renal failure which leads to liver failure [4, 5] due to the formation of 4-aminophenol through hydrolytic degradation of paracetamol [7–9]. Excess dose of paracetamol in children may cause an increase in the rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma and eczema [6]. Therefore, it is essential to develop a simple and effective analytical method to detect the paracetamol from the drug sample. Researcher has developed different analytical methods like liquid chromatography [10], capillary electrophoresis [11], flow injection [12], spectophotometry [13, 15], chemiluminescence [14]. However, these instrumental techniques are expensive and take more time for the analysis. The electrochemical techniques [16–20] are highly sensitive, rapid and avail-
able at low cost. Therefore, the electrochemical detection methods have gained attention of researchers over other analytical methods [21]. The electrochemical analysis depends on the electronic energy difference between the electrode a
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