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Hydrothermal Synthesis of Bismuth Sulfide (Bi2S3) Nanorods: Bismuth(III) Monosalicylate Precursor in the Presence of Thioglycolic Acid Masoud Salavati-Niasari • Zeynab Behfard Omid Amiri • Elahe Khosravifard • S. Mostafa Hosseinpour-Mashkani

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Received: 26 February 2012 / Published online: 26 January 2013 Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013

Abstract Well-segregated bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) nanorods with a high order of crystallinity have been successfully prepared from bismuth(III) monosalicylate [BiO(C7H5O3)] by a simple hydrothermal reaction in H2O at 180 °C. Bismuth(III) monosalicylate and thioglycolic acid act as the starting materials. The products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy photoluminescence spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectra. The powder X-ray diffraction pattern shows the product belongs to the orthorhombic Bi2S3 phase. Their UV–Vis spectrum shows the absorbance at 328 nm, with its direct energy band gap of 2.6 eV. Bismuth salicylate, which is known to be a complex, may play a critical role as a precursor and a template for the growth of linear bismuth sulfide nanorods. Finally the influences of the reaction conditions are discussed and a possible mechanism for the formation of Bi2S3 nanorods is proposed. M. Salavati-Niasari (&) Institute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, P. O. Box 87317-51167, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran e-mail: [email protected] M. Salavati-Niasari
Z. Behfard Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, P. O. Box 87317-51167, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran O. Amiri Young Researchers Club, kashan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran E. Khosravifard Department of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kashan, P. O. Box 87317-51167, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran S. M. Hosseinpour-Mashkani Center for Nanoscience and Technology, IST, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 085, Andhra Pradesh, India

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Keywords Nanostructures
Semiconductors
Bismuth sulfide
Nanorods
Hydrothermal method

Introduction The fabrication of materials and devices in the scope of one dimensional nanostructures, such as nanowires, nanorods and nanotubes has been the focus in many areas due to the novel properties in contrast to their normal counterparts, strongly depending on their characteristics such as shape, size and crystallinity. Among them, one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures possess unique physical, chemical, and electron-transport properties, distinct from those of bulky or isotropic materials [1, 2]. Nano-sized materials exhibit novel physical, chemical and biological properties compared with their bulk counterparts due to their larger surface areas, smaller size, reduced number of free electrons and possible quantum confinement effects [3, 4]. These novel properties generally include the thermal, mec