Hypericum perforatum L.: a medicinal plant with potential as a curative agent against obesity-associated complications
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Hypericum perforatum L.: a medicinal plant with potential as a curative agent against obesity‑associated complications Hilal Büşra Tokgöz1 · Filiz Altan1 Received: 24 July 2020 / Accepted: 10 October 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Obesity is a low-grade inflammatory disease that is getting increasingly common among adults and children and causes different complications. Insulin resistance, Type II diabetes, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome and hypertension are among the major health problems, that are associated with obesity. Some medications are used to treat obese individuals and metabolic surgery is recommended, if appropriate, for individuals with a BMI ≥ 40. Due to the fact that medications and metabolic surgery are not tolerated by all, researchers focus on alternative therapies. Medicinal plants comprise the most important group of these alternative treatments. Hypericum perforatum L. is the medicinal plant, which we focused on in this study. Hypericum perforatum L. has been recognized as a medicinally valuable plant for over 2000 years. It has been used for generations to treat anxiety, depression, insomnia, gastritis, hemorrhoids, wounds, and burns. Recent studies have indeed shown promising effects for the treatment of obesity. In this study, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were used to mimic the adipocyte differentiation associated with obesity in cellular terms. Lipoprotein lipase (Lpl), Diacylglycerol-O-acyltransferase 1 (Dgat1), Fatty acid synthase (Fasn) markers were used to study the lipid accumulation, and Collagen V (ColV) was used to study cell elasticity to investigate the relationship of the effects of the administration of Hypericum perforatum L. with obesity. Keywords Hypericum perforatum L. · Insulin resistance · Inflammation · Obesity · Medicinal plants Abbreviations BMI Body mass index Dgat1 Diacylglycerol-O-acyltransferase ColV Collagen V H. perforatum Hypericum perforatum qPCR Quantitative PCR HDL High-density lipoprotein CPT 1 Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 IL-6 Interleukin-6 Lpl Lipoprotein lipase Fasn Fatty acid synthase VLDL Very low-density lipoprotein CRP C-reactive protein IBMX Isobuthylmethilxsantin FATP1 Fatty acid transport protein 1 TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor-α FABP Fatty acid binding protein * Filiz Altan [email protected] 1
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, 48000 Kötekli, Muğla, Turkey
Introduction Obesity is a well characterized mild chronic inflammatory disease, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases, such as Type II diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, fatty liver, cancer, asthma and sleep apnea [1]. Obesity is positively correlated with an increase or expansion of adipocyte cells [2, 3]. In most living organisms, triglycerides are the major molecules, where the metabolic energy and fatty acids are deposited. However, the over-accumulation of triglycerides correlates with diseases such as obesity and diabetes mellitus. The
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