Hyperoxia provokes gut dysbiosis in rats
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RESEARCH LETTER
Open Access
Hyperoxia provokes gut dysbiosis in rats Zhouxiong Xing1†, Yunhang Li2†, Guoyue Liu3, Ying He1, Yuanfa Tao4 and Miao Chen1*
Keywords: Oxygen therapy, Hyperoxia, Gut microbiota, Gut dysbiosis Oxygen therapy is widely used in critically ill patients and usually exposes patients to hyperoxia, resulting in adverse clinical outcomes [1]. Many studies have explored the adverse effects of hyperoxia in the lung, heart, and brain. Gut microbiota plays an important role in human health and disease [2]. However, the impact of hyperoxia on gut microbiota remains unclear, and studies are limited and have yielded contradictory results [3, 4]. We attempted to explore the effect of hyperoxia on gut microbiota by exposing rats to normobaric oxygen for 7 days. The experimental protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Zunyi Medical University. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks of age, all the same strain) were obtained from the Kavans Laboratory Animal Company (Changzhou, China). All animals had free access to the same chow and water and were maintained in the same containers. The rats were pooled and randomly divided into the control group (n = 9) and oxygen group (n = 9). The oxygen group was exposed to 80% normobaric oxygen for 7 days in a hyperoxia chamber (Changjintech, Changsha, China). The control group
was reared in another chamber with room air for 7 days. Fecal pellets were collected at days 0 and 7, and DNA was extracted and prepared for 16S ribosomal RNA V3–V4 region gene sequencing. Sequencing libraries were sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq platform at Biomarker Technologies Company (Beijing, China). Strain composition analysis and beta diversity analysis were performed. We used linear discriminant analysis (LDA) with effect size measurements for the quantitative analysis of biomarkers within different groups. Figure 1 shows the relative bacterial abundance at the phylum level and the beta diversity analysis between the groups. At day 0, a principal coordinates analysis (PCA) plot showed that the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant, based on unweighted UniFrac distances (R2 = 0.086, p = 0.055) (Fig. 1b). At day 7, the PCA plot showed that the scatter points of the two groups were discrete, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant, based on unweighted UniFrac distances (R2 = 0.185, p = 0.001) (Fig. 1d). It was demonstrated that 80% oxygen changed the composition of the gut microbiome. Further LDA analysis showed the enriched bacteria in the two groups at day 7 (Fig. 2). Focusing on the pathogenic bacteria, we found that Streptococcus was enriched in the oxygen group, but Gammaproteobacteria and Proteus were enriched in the control group.
* Correspondence: [email protected] † Zhouxiong Xing and Yunhang Li contributed equally to this work. 1 Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China Full list of author information is a
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