Hyperthermic stress resistance of bumblebee males: test case of Belgian species
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Original article
Hyperthermic stress resistance of bumblebee males: test case of Belgian species Ella ZAMBRA , Baptiste MARTINET, Nicolas BRASERO , Denis MICHEZ , Pierre RASMONT Laboratory of Zoology, Research Institute of Biosciences, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000, Mons, Belgium Received 30 September 2019 – Revised 19 February 2020 – Accepted 7 April 2020
Abstract – Thermotolerance has often been linked to species distribution for a diverse range of organisms. In the context of climate change, assessing heat resistance ability is useful for understanding potential future range shifts and the physiological response of populations. As bumblebee (Bombus ) populations have been declining for several decades with several documented range shifts, an assessment of the hyperthermic resistance of species is urgently needed. In this study, we measure in males the heat resistance of ten bumblebee species living in temperate regions (northwestern Europe) with a static temperature methodology to evaluate the time before heat stupor (THS) which corresponds to a chill coma. Our results on heat stress resistance show that not all species are affected in the same way to heat stress. The most widespread species, B. terrestris (median THS 395 min) and B. lucorum (median THS 257 min) are the least sensitive to hyperthermic stress. The resistance time of bumblebee males is up to 10 times longer than the THS for declining species such as B. jonellus (median THS 48 min) and B. magnus (median THS 58 min). We highlight the high interspecific variability of heat resistance in a morphologically homogeneous genus such as bumblebees. From a conservation point of view, our research highlights the urgency for assessing the heat resistance of different species since each one can display a species-specific thermal sensitivity that is likely linked to a risk of decline in the case of heat waves. thermotolerance / time before heat stupor (THS) / bumblebees / heat stress resistance
1. INTRODUCTION Climate plays a key role in the geographic distribution of species, population dynamics, and ecosystem functionality (Easterling et al. 2000; Thomas 2010; Walther et al. 2002; Calosi et al. 2010; Sunday et al. 2010; O’Sullivan et al. 2017). Over recent decades, a global change in the climate at a large scale with slow and progressive Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-020-00771-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Corresponding author: E. Zambra, [email protected] Zambra Ella and Martinet Baptiste contributed equally to this work. Manuscript editor: Mathieu Lihoreau
changes in the main climatic parameters (e.g., humidity, temperature) has been observed (Easterling et al. 2000; Carey and Alexander 2003; IPCC 2014). Since the beginning of the twentieth century, the global temperature has undergone an average increase of 0.85 °C (1.2 °C in Belgium from 1900 until now) (Easterling et al. 2000; Bale et al. 2002; Vandenbohede et al. 20
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