Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal Axis in Glucolipid metabolic disorders
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Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal Axis in Glucolipid metabolic disorders Yanduan Lin 1 & Ziwei Zhang 1 & Siyu Wang 2 & Jinyan Cai 2 & Jiao Guo 1 Accepted: 26 August 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract With the change of life style, glucolipid metabolic disorders (GLMD) has become one of the major chronic disorders causing public health and clinical problems worldwide. Previous studies on GLMD pay more attention to peripheral tissues. In fact, the central nervous system (CNS) plays an important role in controlling the overall metabolic balance. With the development of technology and the in-depth understanding of the CNS, the relationship between neuro-endocrine-immunoregulatory (NEI) network and metabolism had been gradually illustrated. As the hub of NEI network, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is important for maintaining the balance of internal environment in the body. The relationship between HPA axis and GLMD needs to be further studied. This review focuses on the role of HPA axis in GLMD and reviews the research progress on drugs for GLMD, with the hope to provide the direction for exploring new drugs to treat GLMD by taking the HPA axis as the target and improve the level of prevention and control of GLMD. Keywords Glucolipid metabolic disorders . HPA axis . Neuroendocrine
1 Introduction Glucolipid metabolic disorders (GLMD) is a series of diseases with the metabolic disturbance of glucose and lipid which are influenced by environmental, genetic and mental factors. The significant pathology phenomena of GLMD are the neuroendocrine dysfunction, insulin resistance (IR), inflammation and the alteration of intestinal flora [1]. Meanwhile, there are clinical manifestations like diabetes, hyperlipemia, hypertension, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disorders (NAFLD) and atherosclerosis (AS) showing up singly or going with each other. Therefore, in clinical practice, GLMD should be comprehensively considered in treatment [2]. GLMD could be induced by the
* Jinyan Cai [email protected] * Jiao Guo [email protected] 1
Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
2
Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
imbalance among hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in neuro-endocrine-immunoregulatory (NEI) network, specific neurons in the brain can sense the changes of metabolic substrates and comprehensively regulate glucolipid metabolism by interacting with hormones. HPA axis, which is composed of hypothalamus, pituitary gland and adrenal gland, is central to homeostasis, energy metabolism, stress responses, and neuropsychiatric function [3, 4]. HPA axis regulates glucolipid metabolism mainly through the secretion of related hormones, including corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and glucocorticoid (GC). GCs include co
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