ICMAT 2011 conference held in Singapore
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ICMAT 2011 conference held in Singapore
linear medium as one in which “all atoms within the light absorption length absorb a photon.” Zheludev described four possible paths toward the goal: (1) hybrid metamaterials consisting of a nonlinear medium plus a plasmonic metamaterial; (2) a phase-change material plus a plasmonic metamaterial; (3) a reconfigurable metamaterial that can change size mechanically; and (4) a flux quantization metamaterial. Various materials his group has considered and investigated are carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene coupled with a metamaterial (gold) or with nonlinear metamaterials and superconducting metamaterials (e.g., yttrium barium copper oxide and Nb). The latter two are interesting because of their extraordinary transmission capabilities and Fano resonances (a type of resonant scattering phenomena that gives rise to an asymmetric line-shape), Zheludev said. Masafumi Yamaguchi (Toyota Technological Institute, Japan), in symposium O (Photovoltaic Materials and Devices), presented Japan’s roadmap, up to 2025, for photovoltaic (PV) cells. Their mid- to long-term plan slates nearly 30 billion yen (~USD$385 million) to reach a target of 14 yen (~USD$0.18) per kilowatthour by 2020, with a module production cost of 75 yen (~USD$1) per watt. Target module conversion efficiencies for that period range from 20% for wafer-based Si technologies to 10% for dye-sensitized solar cells. Yamaguchi particularly highlighted the push in multijunction cells, as demonstrated by his research group, which seeks to aim for efficiencies of 45% for a cell and 35% for a module. In the same symposium, Andreas Bett (Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Germany) made the case for
www.mrs.org.sg/icmat2011
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he sixth International Conference on Materials for Advanced Technologies (ICMAT-2011), organized by the Materials Research Society of Singapore (MRS-S), was held on June 26 to July 1, 2011 in Singapore. The program covered various aspects of materials science, engineering, and technology, including the science and technology of graphene; topological insulators; nanostructures of various materials; metamaterials; photovoltaics, including dyesensitized solar cells; and lithium-ion battery materials for electric vehicles (EVs). A few of the research highlights follow. Nobel laureate Andre Geim (University of Manchester, UK), in a plenary talk, enumerated the unique physical and chemical properties of graphene (a single layer of carbon atoms) and why scientists and engineers throughout the world are excited about exploiting it for potential applications. Geim said that during the last two years the quality of synthetic graphene has improved greatly. Eventually, manufacturers will have the ability to make graphene in ton quantities and kilometer lengths. A transparent, flexible, rectangular sheet of graphene with a diagonal of 30 inches has already been made, he said. Low-temperature chargecarrier mobilities of a few million cm2/ Vs have been demonstrated. Geim said that when exposed to fluorine, grap
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