Identification and characterization of satellite DNAs in Poa L.
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RESEARCH
Identification and characterization of satellite DNAs in Poa L. Linna Wei1,2, Bo Liu3, Chunping Zhang1,2, Yang Yu1,2, Xiaoxia Yang1,2, Quanwen Dou3* and Quanmin Dong1,2*
Abstract Background: Poa L. is a large genus of grass in Gramineae, among which P. pratensis is widely cultivated as turf and forage. Satellite DNA is the main components of the plant genome. Information of satellites will helpful for dissection the genome composition and definition of the phylogeny relationship of these species. However, the knowledge about the satellites in genus Poa is still limited. Results: Four satellite DNAs were identified using the Repeat Explorer pipeline in HiSeq Illumina reads from diploid plants in P. malaca (2n = 26). Two satellites showed high similarity with the previously identified PpTr-1 and PpTr-3, whereas two others are newly identified with the monomer of 326 bp (Poa-326) and 353 bp (Poa-353) respectively. The clone DNAs of PpTr-1 and PpTr-3, and oligonucleotides designed representing satellites Poa-326 and Poa-353 were probed to test on chromosomes across 13 Poa speceis with different polyploidy level by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). PpTr-1, PpTr-3, and Poa-362 were stably positioned in the subtelomeric regions in nearly all species with the variation of hybridization sites number. However, Poa-353 showed different FISH patterns of multiple regions with the variation of hybridization intensity and distribution sites across species. In addition, 5S rDNA and 45S rDNA were used to characterize the genome of the Poa species. Four rDNA FISH patterns were revealed in the tested species. Conclusion: Four identified satellite were high conservable across Poa species. Genome distribution of these satellites can be characterized by FISH. The variation of satellite DNAs and rDNA chromosomal distributions between species provide useful information for phylogenetic analysis in genus Poa. Keywords: Poa, Satellite DNA, Fluorescent in situ hybridization, FISH Background The genome of high plants contains much of repetitive sequences [1–3] most of which are genome dispersed transposable elements (DNA transposons and retrotransposons), and tandem arranged satellite DNA [4]. Satellite DNAs are mostly species and genus specific, and usually most variable in abundance and chromosomal distribution between species [5–7]. Satellite DNA is majorly *Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 1 State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture in the Three River Head Waters Region, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Xining 810001, Qinghai Province, China 3 Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, Qinghai Province, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
distributed in chromosomal heterochromatic regions, and regarded in functions in chromosomal structure maintenance, centromere formation, homologue chromosome recognition, an
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