Identification of Elements Responsible for Maternally-Silenced Imprinted Gene Expression of Upward Curly Leaf1 , an F-bo
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Identification of Elements Responsible for Maternally‑Silenced Imprinted Gene Expression of Upward Curly Leaf1, an F‑box Protein Gene that Regulates Curly Leaf in Arabidopsis Jooyeon Hong1 · Jaehoon Lee1 · Cheol Woong Jeong1 · Janie Sue Brooks2 · Yeonhee Choi1 · Jong Seob Lee1 Received: 13 March 2020 / Revised: 12 May 2020 / Accepted: 17 May 2020 © Korean Society of Plant Biologist 2020
Abstract Upward Curly Leaf 1 (UCL1) is an Arabidopsis thaliana E3 ligase that targets the Curly Leaf (CLF) SET-domain polycombgroup (PcG) protein for degradation via the ubiquitin-26S proteasome system. UCL1 is a paternally-expressed imprinted gene in the endosperm. To precisely locate the promoter elements required for UCL1 imprinting pattern, various gene constructs were created in which the imprinting control region (ICR), endosperm-specific expression (ENSE) element, and/or the linker sequence were altered. By fusing these constructs with a GUS reporter gene, GUS expression patterns were monitored after reciprocal crosses with wild-type Columbia-0 allowing the determination of parent-of-origin expression. Analysis of publicly-available data on the UCL1 promoter region facilitated the search for allele-specific DNA and H3K27 methylation patterns. Overall, three promoter elements are required for maternal repression of UCL1; the ICR sequence located from − 2.5 to − 2.4 kb upstream of the translation start site, a differentially methylated region 2 (DMR2) that overlaps the short ATLINE1-1 transposable element in the linker region, and a minimal 271 bp ENSE element. In addition, DNA methylation patterns in the DMR2 contribute to the repression of the maternal UCL1 allele. Our findings would help to understand how parent-of-origin epigenetic patterns are created and maintained in the endosperm. Keywords Imprinting · DNA methylation · Polycomb group · Endosperm · Promoter elements
Introduction A distinctive feature of the plant life cycle is the alternation of generations in which multicellular diploid (sporophytic) and haploid (gametophytic) generations alternately produce each other. In flowering plants, the sporophyte is the Jooyeon Hong and Jaehoon Lee contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12374-020-09256-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yeonhee Choi [email protected] * Jong Seob Lee [email protected] 1
School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
Integrated Science and Engineering Division, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
2
dominant generation, with the gametophyte being shorterlived, contained within sporophyte tissues and consisting of only a few cells. In addition to the transition from the sporophytic generation to the gametophytic generation seen in the reproductive cycle, other significant developmental transitions occur at distinct points during the plant life cycle, such as the transiti
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