Identification of genes under positive selection reveals evolutionary adaptation of Ulva mutabilis
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Identification of genes under positive selection reveals evolutionary adaptation of Ulva mutabilis Jian Zhang1, 2, Xiaowen Zhang2, 3, Wentao Han2, Xiao Fan2, Yitao Wang2, Dong Xu2, Yan Zhang2, Jian Ma2, Chengwei Liang1*, Naihao Ye2, 3* 1 College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao
266042, China 2 Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China 3 Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for
Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China Received 5 September 2019; accepted 20 April 2020 © Chinese Society for Oceanography and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
Ulvophytes are attractive model systems for understanding the evolution of growth, development, and environmental stress responses. They are untapped resources for food, fuel, and high-value compounds. The rapid and abundant growth of Ulva species makes them key contributors to coastal biogeochemical cycles, which can cause significant environmental problems in the form of green tides and biofouling. Until now, the Ulva mutabilis genome is the only Ulva genome to have been sequenced. To obtain further insights into the evolutionary forces driving divergence in Ulva species, we analyzed 3 905 single copy ortholog family from U. mutabilis, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Volvox carteri to identify genes under positive selection (GUPS) in U. mutabilis. We detected 63 orthologs in U. mutabilis that were considered to be under positive selection. Functional analyses revealed that several adaptive modifications in photosynthesis, amino acid and protein synthesis, signal transduction and stress-related processes might explain why this alga has evolved the ability to grow very rapidly and cope with the variable coastal ecosystem environments. Key words: green algae, Ulva mutabilis, positive selection, adaptive evolution Citation: Zhang Jian, Zhang Xiaowen, Han Wentao, Fan Xiao, Wang Yitao, Xu Dong, Zhang Yan, Ma Jian, Liang Chengwei, Ye Naihao. 2020. Identification of genes under positive selection reveals evolutionary adaptation of Ulva mutabilis. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 39(10): 35–41, doi: 10.1007/s13131-020-1658-1
1 Introduction Green algae especially ulvophytes are attractive model systems for understanding growth, development, and evolution (Cocquyt et al., 2010), and are key to understand the evolution of multicellularity in the green lineage (Wichard et al., 2015). These algae are also key contributors to coastal biogeochemical cycles, especially to the marine sulfur cycles, because they produces high levels of dimethylsulfoniopropionate, the main precursor of volatile dimethyl sulfide (Van Alstyne, 2008). Their rapid and abundant growth makes them untapped resources for food, fuel, and high-value compounds, but they also lead to significant environmental consequences in the form of green tides and biofouling (Vesty et al., 2015; Sme
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