Identification of immune-related genes with prognostic significance in the microenvironment of cutaneous melanoma
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Identification of immune-related genes with prognostic significance in the microenvironment of cutaneous melanoma Yan Qu 1
&
Shuqing Zhang 2 & Yan Zhang 3 & Xien Feng 1 & Fengjuan Wang 4
Received: 24 July 2020 / Revised: 17 September 2020 / Accepted: 9 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Cutaneous melanoma is one of the most aggressive cancers characterized by increasing incidence and mortality. In recent years, the emergence of immunotherapy has greatly raised the survival rate of patients suffering from cutaneous melanoma, yet some sufferers remain to have poor outcomes after treatment mainly due to the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, cutaneous melanoma–associated TME was systematically analyzed using the ESTIMATE algorithm based on the gene transcriptome data obtained from the TCGA database. Totally, 471 patients were included and 553 TME-related genes were screened. Afterwards, a 3-gene signature–based model (CLEC4A, GBP4, KIR2DL4) was constructed via univariate Cox, LASSO, and multivariate Cox regression analyses. To validate the validity of this model, ROC analysis was conducted, and the model was further validated to be an independent prognostic biomarker through univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Finally, the three genes in the model were studied by GSEA and GSVA for their biological significance. We found that the three genes could promote cancer immune response predominantly through affecting immune-related pathways such as antigen processing and presentation, and they may help tumor cells in escaping from surveillance of the immune system when their expression levels were decreased. Additionally, we as well discovered that the expression of the three genes was significantly and positively correlated with the infiltration of related immune cells, but negatively associated with tumor purity. Overall, this study comprehensively analyzed the TME of cutaneous melanoma, identified related biomarkers, and discovered their association with immune system. Keywords Cutaneous melanoma . Tumor microenvironment . Immunity . Prognosis
Introduction Yan Qu and Shuqing Zhang contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-020-02948-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yan Qu [email protected] * Fengjuan Wang [email protected] 1
Department of Dermatology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, No. 20, Yuhuangding East Road, Zhifu District, Yantai City 264099, China
2
Department of Dermatology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Laishan Branch, Yantai, China
3
Department of Dermatology, Zoucheng People’s Hospital, Zoucheng, China
4
Department of Dermatology, Dongying District People’s Hospital of Dongying City, No. 333 Jinan Road, Dongying District, Dongying 257000, China
Cutaneous melanoma (melanoma below), characterized by increasing incidence and mortality, is one of the most aggressive cancers predicte
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