Identification of Microorganisms Associated to the Biodegradation of Historic Masonry Structure in San Francisco de Camp
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Identification of Microorganisms Associated to the Biodegradation of Historic Masonry Structure in San Francisco de Campeche City, México Rocío G. Escamilla Pérez1, Javier Reyes Trujeque1, Tezozomoc Pérez López1, Víctor Monteón Padilla2, Ruth López Alcántara 2 1 Centro de Investigación en Corrosión, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche. Avda. Agustín Melgar s/n entre Juan de la Barrera y Calle 20. Colonia Lindavista. San Francisco de Campeche, Campeche, México. e-mail: [email protected] 2 Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Campeche Mexico. ABSTRACT Tropical climate create ideal conditions for the development of microbial communities associated with biodegradation of historic buildings made with stony materials. This is the case of Fort San Carlos, a historic colonial building representative of military tendencies during the XVII century in San Francisco de Campeche City. In this study the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), was used to identify microorganisms related with the biodegradation of its masonry structure. Specific primers for amplification of 16S and 18S ribosomal RNA genes were used for organisms identification by PCR. Amplification products were sequenced and after that compared with GENBANK nucleotide database using-BLASTn. Results indicated that microbial communities associated to biodegradation of the Fort San Carlos are bacteria from the Phyla Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. INTRODUCTION Nowadays, there is a special interest to understand biological and non-biological processes involved in biodegradation of ancient buildings, especially those constructed with calcareous materials. In tropical climates, it is favored by a high water availability which facilitates the development of microbial. Aesthetical and chromatic changes in buildings surface are visual consequences of microbial activity. Indeed metabolic activity of microbial community can act synergistically with environmental factors to produce physical and chemical changes inside the stony structures, sensitizing the materials and compromising their stability. Modern molecular biology procedures allow rapid, efficient identification of members in microbial biofilms associated to several solid phases, including industrial pipes, bioreactors, artificial reefs, and ancient monuments. Actual research tendencies concerning to the biodegradation of historic buildings are focused in the analysis of biofilms, the development of novel molecular techniques to identified associated microorganisms and the use of biotechnology to generate new conservation procedures [1,2]. San Francisco de Campeche City, is located in the occidental coast of the Peninsula of Yucatan. It has about 1500 civil, military and religious buildings builts between XVI to XVIII centuries. In 1999, colonial buildings inside the Spanish fortified walls was included into the UNESCO`s Cultural Heritage List.
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Fort San Carlos is a military structure representative of the defensive system constructed around the Spanish village by colo
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