Identification of Porphyrin-Silica Composite Nanoparticles using Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe Mass Spectrometry
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MRS Advances © 2019 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2019.217
Identification of Porphyrin-Silica Composite Nanoparticles using Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe Mass Spectrometry Casey Karler1, Kylea J. Parchert2, James B. Ricken2, Bryan Carson2, Curtis D. Mowry3, Hongyou Fan1,4,5 and Dongmei Ye2,*
1Advanced
Materials Laboratories, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87106
2Center
for Biological and Engineering Sciences, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123
3Department
of Materials Reliability, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123
4Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106
5Center
for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States.
ABSTRACT Porphyrins are vital pigments involved in biological energy transduction processes. Their abilities to absorb light, then convert it to energy, have raised the interest of using porphyrin nanoparticles as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy. A recent study showed that selfassembled porphyrin-silica composite nanoparticles can selectively destroy tumor cells, but
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detection of the cellular uptake of porphyrin-silica composite nanoparticles was limited to imaging microscopy. Here we developed a novel method to rapidly identify porphyrin-silica composite nanoparticles using Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe-Mass Spectrometry (ASAP-MS). ASAP-MS can directly analyze complex mixtures without the need for sample preparation. Porphyrin-silica composite nanoparticles were vaporized using heated nitrogen desolvation gas, and their thermo-profiles were examined to identify distinct massto-charge (M/Z) signatures. HeLa cells were incubated in growth media containing the nanoparticles, and after sufficient washing to remove residual nanoparticles, the cell suspension was loaded onto the end of ASAP glass capillary probe. Upon heating, HeLa cells were degraded and porphyrin-silica composite nanoparticles were released. Vaporized nanoparticles were ionized and detected by MS. The cellular uptake of porphyrin-silica composite nanoparticles was identified using this ASAP-MS method.
INTRODUCTION Porphyrins and their derivatives are a class of macrocyclic aromatic compounds, which can bind to metal and form porphyrin-metal complex naturally. Hematoporphytin derivatives are among the first group of porphyrins isolated and tested as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT) [1]. PDT is a non-invasive cancer treatment, causing negligible damage to the surrounding tissues. PDT includes three crucial components: photosensitizer, light and molecular oxygen [1]. Photosensitizer absorbs light energy and produces singlet oxygen
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