Identification of the coastal hazard zone between the areas of Rasulpur and Subarnarekha estuary, east coast of India us
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Identification of the coastal hazard zone between the areas of Rasulpur and Subarnarekha estuary, east coast of India using multi‑criteria evaluation method Anindita Nath1 · Bappaditya Koley2 · Subhajit Saraswati1 · Bidhan Chandra Ray3 Received: 27 May 2020 / Accepted: 3 October 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract An increasing number of coastal hazards such as cyclones, tsunami and coastal erosion are the consequences of global climate change, creating an immense impact on the coastal habitat and coastal ecosystem. The study area (Subarnarekha to Rasulpur estuary) part of the Bay of Bengal is under a potentially vulnerable condition to coastal erosion. The area has witnessed cyclones during the pre-monsoon and retreat or post-monsoon season. The present study aimed to assess the coastal hazard zone (CHZ) along the 70 km coastal stretch within 119.49 km2 area near the shoreline. The present study follows the multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) method to identify the CHZ. Multi-resolution satellite images and ASTER DEM image are used to complete the study. Six influencing factors are applied in method MCE such as coastal slope, aspect, distance to river and estuaries, land use/land cover, shoreline change rate and distance to shoreline. Various GIS techniques are used to prepare the raster layer map from these six influencing factors in Arc GIS 10.3 software. Finally, weighted overlay analysis was implemented to obtain the CHZ map from multi-criteria, assigning the weights according to their vulnerability. Five zonation classes are selected based on their vulnerability rank: very high, high, moderate, low and very low hazard zone. The acquired result will enable identification of vulnerable and hazard-prone areas and will also be helpful for coastal management and to decision makers for future implementation in coastal conservation. Keywords Coastal hazard · Multi-criteria evaluation · Weighted overlay · Vulnerability
Introduction Coastal areas are the most significant areas for any coastal country for socioeconomic development and demarcated as the most favorable area for human activities; hence, it is under a very vulnerable condition of ecosystem in the world (Nicholls et al. 2007). More than five million people in approximately 65% cities in the world live near coastal lowlands (McGranahan et al. 2007). The coastal zone is highly dynamic and susceptible in nature (Masselink and Hughes * Anindita Nath [email protected] 1
Department of Construction Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700106, India
2
School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
3
Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
2014; Lins-de-Barros 2017; Kantamaneni et al. 2018). Coastal disasters and hazards are increased in coastal areas due to global climatic change storm surge and sea level rise (Arkema et al. 2013; Donchyts et al. 2016; Shepard et al. 2011). Coastal erosion manifests as hazard and disaster in coastal areas in a seri
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