Earth Observation Technique-Based Coastal Vulnerability Assessment of Northern Odisha, East Coast of India
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Earth Observation Technique-Based Coastal Vulnerability Assessment of Northern Odisha, East Coast of India Kamal Kumar Barik1 • Prakash Chandra Mohanty2 • Sachikanta Nanda3 • Annadurai Ramasamy3 Ranganalli Somashekharappa Mahendra2
•
Received: 15 September 2020 / Accepted: 15 October 2020 Ó Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2020
Abstract The coastal zones of northern Odisha coast, western Bay of Bengal, are highly exposed to natural forcing. These regions are vulnerable due to natural hazards such as cyclones, tsunamis, floods, shoreline/beach erosion and sea-level rise. Further, the increased intensity and density of the extreme events in the recent decades have contributed more to the coastal vulnerability, thereby causing floods and inundation. Therefore, there is a need of sustainable use of the coastal zone with proper management practices. In this context, coastal vulnerability index (CVI) has been proved as an effective method for assigning the vulnerability status to any coastal zone. The present research work aims to develop a CVI by integrating risk values of nine input variables and to segment them into low, moderate, high and very high vulnerability categories as per their degree of vulnerability. The study area exhibits a long 273.8 km coastal tract, and about 9.6% of the coastal tract is under very high vulnerability category, followed by 29.7% under high vulnerability, 46.3% under medium vulnerability and rest 14.3% under low vulnerability. Keywords Landsat SRTM Risk Coastal zone Sea-level change Trend
Introduction Coastal regions are important confluence zones of land–sea providing an opportunity for resources, trade, industries, tourism and other avenues. Coastal environments associated with dense population are highly exposed to the natural environment and often susceptible to be affected by the various hazards. It is reported that the population exposed to the coastal flood (1 in 100 years) was 270 million in 2010 and it is projected to increase 350 million by 2050 due to socio-economic development (Jongman et al. 2012). Coastal zones of India are also & Kamal Kumar Barik [email protected] 1
Centurion University of Technology & Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
2
Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Hyderabad 500090, India
3
SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, India
densely populated, 25% of the inhabitants live within 50 km of the coastline (Krishna 2005). These densely populated coastal environments are subjected to wide range of anthropogenic drivers (Crain et al. 2009) that interact with climate-related drivers and confound efforts to attribute impacts to climate change. The coastal zones of northern Odisha on the west coast of India are largely low lying. As per IPCC fifth assessment report, such areas will increasingly experience adverse impacts such as submergence, coastal flooding and coastal erosion due to relative sea-leve
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