Identifying environmental pollution recorded in street dust using the magnetic method: a case study from central eastern
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Identifying environmental pollution recorded in street dust using the magnetic method: a case study from central eastern China Guoyong Zhao 1 & Ronglei Zhang 1 & Yan Han 1,2 & Bin Lü 2 & Yuanhang Meng 1 & Shijie Wang 1 & Ningning Wang 1 Received: 25 March 2020 / Accepted: 16 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Urban street dust constitutes important intermediate products for the transmission of solid organic and inorganic pollutants in the urban environment. In this study, 133 street dust samples were collected from Xinyang to explore their magnetic characteristics, spatial distribution, and environmental implications using magnetic measurements. The results are as follows. (1) There were ferrimagnetic, antiferrimagnetic, and paramagnetic (e.g., lepidocrocite) minerals in the dust. Among these, the dominant magnetic carriers were ferrimagnetic minerals. Furthermore, magnetite was a first-order ferrimagnetic carrier. (2) The magnetic domains of the dust were pseudo single-domain to multi-domain. (3) The magnetic concentration (χ and SIRM) of dust were 2.6 and 4.1 times higher than those of background samples that were not polluted by urban and anthropogenic activities, respectively. Therefore, we conclude that the dust consisted of high concentration of ferrimagnetic minerals and coarse magnetic particles. (4) The magnetic distribution was spatially different. The industrial area, which was the most polluted sampling area, had the highest magnetic concentration and the coarsest magnetic particles. This was attributable to industrial emissions, fossil fuel combustion, and exhaust emissions from heavy-laden trucks. Residential and commercial areas, which were the second most polluted areas, had higher concentration and coarser particles. This was primarily due to the high population density and traffic activities of mini-cars (i.e., high flux and exhaust emissions). Hence, the conclusion is that the magnetic characteristics, spatial distribution, and the sources of dust are dictated by anthropogenic activities. Our results indicate that the magnetic method is a highly effective tool to monitor urban environmental pollution. Keywords Street dust . Magnetic characteristics . Pollution . Environmental magnetism . Xinyang
Introduction With the continuous advancement of urbanization, urban environmental problems have become increasingly prominent. Street dust constitutes important intermediate products for the transmission of solid organic and inorganic pollutants in the urban environment; these products include major carriers of Responsible Editor: Gerhard Lammel * Yan Han [email protected] 1
Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 3500
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