Identifying macroscopic features in foreign visitor travel pathways
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Economics and Complex Networks
Identifying macroscopic features in foreign visitor travel pathways Tatsuro Kawamoto1 · Ryutaro Hashimoto2 Received: 30 May 2020 / Revised: 15 August 2020 / Accepted: 17 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Human travel patterns are commonly studied as networks in which the points of departure and destination are encoded as nodes and the travel frequency between two points is recorded as a weighted edge. However, because travelers often visit multiple destinations, which constitute pathways, an analysis incorporating pathway statistics is expected to be more informative over an approach based solely on pairwise frequencies. Hence, in this study, we apply a higher-order network representation framework to identify characteristic travel patterns from foreign visitor pathways in Japan. We expect that the results herein are mainly useful for marketing research in the tourism industry. Keywords Mobility patterns · Community detection · Higher-order networks
1 Introduction The number of foreign travelers has rapidly increased during the last several years. Therefore, the economy in Japan should be considerably affected by their travel dynamics. For marketers in the tourism industry, for example, a global view of their travel patterns is expected to be an informative piece of information. Human mobility data are distributed by several organizations, and an analysis of mobility patterns has been an important topic in this regard. During the past decade, in particular, datasets based on records of mobile devices (Hossmann et al. 2011; Isaacman et al. 2012; Ganti et al. 2013) and geo-located tags in social networks * Tatsuro Kawamoto [email protected] Ryutaro Hashimoto [email protected] 1
Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2‑3‑26 Aomi, Koto‑ku, Tokyo, Japan
2
School of Political Science and Economics, Department of Political Science, Waseda University, 1‑6‑1 Nishi‑Waseda, Shinjuku‑ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Vol.:(0123456789)
The Japanese Economic Review
(Hawelka et al. 2014; Zagheni et al. 2014; Spyratos et al. 2019) have been actively studied. The target scale ranges from an intramural or urban scale to an international scale (e.g., migration). In this paper, we describe a network analysis of travel pathways by foreign travelers in Japan. 1.1 Dataset The dataset analyzed is a set of travel records of foreign travelers in Japan that is distributed by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport, called the FFdata (Flow of Foreigners-Data) [7]. In this dataset, the traveler pathways, i.e., the locations the travelers visited in chronological order, are recorded based on survey responses of the travelers themselves. FF-data are separated into yearly datasets; currently, datasets from 2014 through 2017 are available. Although these datasets contain various attributes of foreign visitors, we focus on identifying the macroscopic features of the travel pathways. As an interestin
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