Ileal Transposition in Rats Reduces Energy Intake, Body Weight, and Body Fat Most Efficaciously When Ingesting a High-Pr
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Ileal Transposition in Rats Reduces Energy Intake, Body Weight, and Body Fat Most Efficaciously When Ingesting a High-Protein Diet Edit Somogyi 1,2,3 & David Sigalet 3 & Thomas E. Adrian 4 & Csaba Nyakas 1,2,5 & Christiaan W. Hoornenborg 2,6 & André P. van Beek 6 & Henry S. Koopmans 7 & Gertjan van Dijk 2
# The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Purpose Ileal transposition (IT) allows exploration of hindgut effects of bariatric procedures in inducing weight loss and reducing adiposity. Here we investigated the role of dietary macronutrient content on IT effects in rats. Methods Male Lewis rats consuming one of three isocaloric liquid diets enriched with fat (HF), carbohydrates (HC), or protein (HP) underwent IT or sham surgery. Body weight, energy intake, energy efficiency, body composition, and (meal-induced) changes in plasma GIP, GLP-1, PYY, neurotensin, and insulin levels were measured. Results Following IT, HC intake remained highest leading to smallest weight loss among dietary groups. IT in HF rats caused high initial weight loss and profound hypophagia, but the rats caught up later, and finally had the highest body fat content among IT rats. HP diet most efficaciously supported IT-induced reduction in body weight and adiposity, but (as opposed to other diet groups) lean mass was also reduced. Energy efficiency decreased immediately after IT irrespective of diet, but normalized later. Energy intake alone explained variation in post-operative weight change by 80%. GLP-1, neurotensin, and PYY were upregulated by IT, particularly during (0–60 min) and following 17-h post-ingestive intake, with marginal diet effects. Thirty-day postoperative cumulative energy intake was negatively correlated to 17-h post-ingestive PYY levels, explaining 47% of its variation. Conclusion Reduction in energy intake underlies IT-induced weight loss, with highest efficacy of the HP diet. PYY, GLP-1, and neurotensin levels are upregulated by IT, of which PYY may be most specifically related to reduced intake and weight loss after IT. Keywords Ileal transposition . Energy balance . Food intake . Energy efficiency . PYY
Introduction Overweight and obesity are among the greatest health problems facing the world today, because of its comorbidities [1–4] and the rise in associated healthcare costs [5]. Among different weight loss strategies currently available [6, 7],
bariatric surgery emerged as the most effective, and ileal transposition (IT) is one of these surgeries [8, 9]. IT was first described by Koopmans et al. [8, 10] and is a procedure in which a lower part of the ileum is surgically transposed just below the common bile and pancreatic duct, which then presumably causes earlier- and over-stimulation of hormone-producing
Henry S. Koopmans is deceased. This paper is dedicated to his memory. * Gertjan van Dijk [email protected] 1
School of PhD Studies, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
2
Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), U
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