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Abstract. In order to create a device that produces the sensation of wet cloth, we have proposed a method to augment the wet sensation of dry cloth. This paper investigated whether controlling the surface temperature and softness of a cloth could reproduce the wet sensation or not. Participants scored their feelings after touching the cloth with different temperatures and softness. Results indicated a tendency to perceive a wet sensation equivalent to actual wet cloth by not only decreasing the temperature but also increasing softness of the cloth. Keywords: Wetness of cloth reality




Display of wetness




Illusion




Augmented

1 Introduction People perceive wetness in daily life. Examples include sweat from playing sports, taking a bath, and face washing. Perception of wetness has been studied mostly in the textile field for comfort feeling related to wearing clothes [1–3]. Wetness of cloth leads to an uncomfortable feeling, therefore, it is an important factor to evaluate in the performance of cloth materials. In spite of this important feature, consumers cannot evaluate the wetness factor of cloth materials in stores as soaking the cloth in water can damage them. If it were possible to reproduce the wet state of cloth using virtual reality technology, consumers could evaluate the comfort feeling of cloth materials in their wet state without the need for water and consequently could make better judgments for purchasing the cloth materials. Therefore, we aimed to virtually represent wetness of cloth (Fig. 1). In order to represent the sensation of wetness, we first had to understand how humans perceive this sensation. Since humans lack hygroreceptors in their skin, it is supposed that the sensation of wetness is perceived through the function of other receptors. Previous studies pointed out that cold, soft (or pressure), and sticky sensations are particularly important to experience wetness [3–8]. For example, Bergmann et al. and Filingeri et al. mentioned that the perception of wetness became more sensitive in the case of dynamic touch (thermal and tactile cues) than in the case of static touch (only thermal cue) [3, 4]. They demonstrated that the wet sensation

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 F. Bello et al. (Eds.): EuroHaptics 2016, Part I, LNCS 9774, pp. 371–379, 2016. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42321-0_34

372

M. Shibahara and K. Sato

increased corresponding to a decrease in temperature of samples in static touch, while the sensation did not increase in dynamic touch [4]. This implies that tactile sensation in addition to thermal sensation is important to discern the wetness of cloth. These authors also found that potential sensory interaction between thermal and tactile cues drives the Fig. 1. Conceptual diagram perception of wetness [4, 8]. They examined sensory evaluations for wetness by pressing thermal probes onto the bare backs of participants [7]. Their results showed that cold-dry stimuli evoked wet sensations and that pressure affected this sensation. Interestingly, low pressure