Imaging the Brain with Optical Methods
The technology of detecting and interpreting patterns of reflected light has reached a remarkable degree of maturity that now permits high spatial and temporal resolution visualization at both the systems and cellular levels. There now exist several optic
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Anna Wang Roe
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Editor
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Imaging the Brain with Optical Methods
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Editor Anna Wang Roe Department of Psychology Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN 37203 USA [email protected]
e-ISBN 978-1-4419-0452-2 13 ISBN 978-1-4419-0451-5 14 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0452-2 15 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London 16 Library of Congress Control Number: 2009930646 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Cover illustration: Contributed by Barbara Martin. Back cover illustration: Left: Brain vasculature of visual cortex seen through optical window in macaque monkey. Right: Color activation map seen through the window: pattern of “blobs” in V1 and stripes in V2 while monkey is watching isoluminant color grating. Contributed by Haidong D. Lu and Anna W. Roe.
30 Printed on acid-free paper 31 Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
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Monitoring brain function with light in vivo has become a reality. The technology of detecting and interpreting patterns of reflected light has reached a degree of maturity that now permits high spatial and temporal resolution visualization at both the systems and cellular levels. There now exist several optical imaging methodologies, based on either hemodynamic changes in nervous tissue or neurally induced light scattering changes, that can be used to measure ongoing activity in the brain. These include the techniques of intrinsic signal optical imaging, near-infrared optical imaging, fast optical imaging based on scattered light, optical imaging with voltage sensitive dyes, and two-photon imaging of hemodynamic signals. The purpose of this volume is to capture some of the latest applications of these methodologies to the study of cerebral cortical function. This volume begins with an overview and history of optical imaging and its use in the study of brain function. Several chapters are devoted to the method of intrinsic signal optical imaging, a method used to record the minute changes in optical absorption due to hemodynamic changes that accompanies cortical activity. Since the detected hemodynamic changes are highly localized, this method has excellent spatial resolution (50–100 µm ), a resolution sufficient for visualization of fundamental modules of cer
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