Immobilization of chloroplasts from grass within a silica matrix synthetized by HIPE method
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MRS Advances © 2020 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2020.46
Immobilization of chloroplasts from grass within a silica matrix synthetized by HIPE method Andrea Vaca-Oviedo1, Jérémy Causse2, Alicia Sommer-Márquez1,* 1
University of Investigation and Experimental Technology Yachay, Chemical Science and Engineering School, San Miguel de Urcuquí, Hacienda San José S/N y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuquí, Ecuador [email protected].
Institut de Chimie Séparative De Marcoule, Laboratoire des Nanomatériaux pour l’Energie et le Recyclage UMR5257, 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France CEA, France 2
ABSTRACT
The deficient disposition of the pruning waste, from grass (Poaceae), has been converted into a considerable environmental problem since it is discarded in common garbage dumps. As a result, gases and lixiviates are generated producing a negative impact on the environment. This project takes advantage of these residues to isolate their chloroplasts, with the aim of subsequently developing bioreactors that absorb CO2. The encapsulation of grass chloroplasts into silica monolith with a hierarchical texture, using high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) method was carried out. The isolated chloroplasts were analysed by UV-Vis spectroscopy to estimate the amount of chlorophylls a and b present in the grass. Moreover, the synthesized samples were characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy for monitoring their photosynthetic activity, having an activity up to at least 90 days.
INTRODUCTION The potential of photosynthetic organisms to convert CO 2 into useful products has been an attractive topic of investigation, especially in the biosynthesis and biosensors fields. So, researches have been widely interested in finding a suitable way to immobilize them into some different matrices creating a leaf-like photo-bioreactor [1-3]. Many attempts and efforts have been carried out in order to find a way to immobilize plants, algae and cyanobacterial cells into an artificial matrix. There have been numerous studies using the isolation of spinach chloroplasts for encapsulation [4-6] with promising results. However, it is still a challenge to obtain the proper conditions to avoid their chemical and
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physical stress, because the chloroplasts are unfortunately fragile and unstable when they are isolated of their own medium. The most studied suitable matrixes include: alumina, alginates, calcium carbonate and silicates [2,7,8]. The latter offers one of the easiest ways of cell encapsulation, due to many factors such as: inexpensive synthetic procedure, hydrophilic nature, chemical inertness, porosity, transparency, stability and mechanical resistance [9]. In fact, the huge existence of silica hosts in nature like diatoms is a hint to develop “cell/silica” materials [10]. Additionally, silica monoliths can have hierarc
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