Enzyme immobilization by adsorption: a review
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Enzyme immobilization by adsorption: a review Teofil Jesionowski • Jakub Zdarta Barbara Krajewska
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Received: 21 January 2014 / Revised: 14 May 2014 / Accepted: 18 June 2014 Ó The Author(s) 2014. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
Abstract Endowed with unparalleled high catalytic activity and selectivity, enzymes offer enormous potential as catalysts in practical applications. These applications, however, are seriously hampered by enzymes’ low thermal and chemical stabilities. One way to improve these stabilities is the enzyme immobilization. Among various tested methods of this process that make use of different enzyme-carrier interactions, immobilization by adsorption on solid carriers has appeared most common. According to these findings, in this review we present a comparative analysis of the literature reports on the recent trends in the immobilization of the enzymes by adsorption. This thorough study was prepared in order to provide a deeper understanding of the process. Both carriers, carrier modifiers and procedures developed for effective adsorption of the enzymes are discussed. The review may thus be helpful in choosing the right adsorption scheme for a given enzyme to achieve the improvement of its stability and activity for a specific application. Keywords Enzymes immobilization Adsorption Carriers Surface modifying agents Applications
T. Jesionowski (&) J. Zdarta Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 2, 60965 Poznan´, Poland e-mail: [email protected] B. Krajewska Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30060 Krako´w, Poland
1 General overview Low thermal stability, narrow pH range, effective activity in water environment and the loss of catalytic activity after one cycle have been the greatest obstacles in the use of the enzymes in the multiple practical processes (Liese and Hilterhaus 2013; Gray et al. 2013; DiCosimo et al. 2013). However, the enormous catalytic potential offered by the enzymes for innumerable transformations, has stimulated intense studies aimed at the improvement of their properties (Mateo et al. 2007; Brady and Jordon 2009; FernandezLafuente 2009; Garcia-Galan et al. 2011; Cowan and Fernandez-Lafuente 2011; Rodrigues et al. 2013). Among several methods of this improvement that have been proposed, an immobilization of the enzymes is apparently most widely applied (Zhao 2010; Rodrigues et al. 2011; Hanefeld et al. 2013). The term first appeared in the literature at the beginning of twentieth century and referred to the enzymes bound directly to the carriers. At present this term has been extended to include both direct immobilizations on the carriers and the immobilizations supported with the intermediate agents (Cao et al. 2003; Hanefeld et al. 2009). An immobilization of the enzymes on the solid carriers can be achieved using a broad variety of chemical and physical methods (Cao 2005; Sheldon 2007; Sheldon a
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