Immunogenetics of Fungal Diseases
This book provides up-to-date information on immunogenetics of fungal diseases in the context of primary and acquired immunodeficiencies. Different aspects of this emerging field are covered, including epidemiology of fungal diseases, innate and adaptive
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Immunogenetics of Fungal Diseases
Immunogenetics of Fungal Diseases
Agostinho Carvalho Editor
Immunogenetics of Fungal Diseases
Editor Agostinho Carvalho Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS) University of Minho, School of Medicine Braga, Portugal
ISBN 978-3-319-50840-5 ISBN 978-3-319-50842-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-50842-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017936194 © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
Fungal infections represent a worldwide healthcare problem. They are estimated to occur in over a billion people each year, and recent evidence suggests the rate is increasing. Vaccines are not available and, particularly in immunocompromised hosts and critically ill patients, the management of invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) is a challenging endeavor associated with unacceptable mortality and morbidity rates. Critical risk factors for IFD include hematologic malignancies, stem cell or solid organ transplantation, primary or acquired immunodeficiencies, and long-term intensive care treatment and immunosuppressive therapy. Despite the availability of a broad spectrum of antifungal drugs, successful treatment of IFD is often hampered by limitations in diagnostic approaches that do not allow a rapid and reliable identification of infection, and in the assessment of host-derived biomarkers of susceptibility. Of note, the risk of IFD and its clinical outcome vary remarkably even among patients with similar predisposing clinical conditions and microbiological exposure. Since there is no evidence for geographical or genomic factors influencing fungal virulence, susceptibility to IA is thought to depend mainly on genetic predisposition and degree of pathogen exposure, w
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