Effectiveness of Infectious Backgrounds in Evaluation of Oat for Resistance to Fungal Diseases
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RODUCTION
Effectiveness of Infectious Backgrounds in Evaluation of Oat for Resistance to Fungal Diseases O. A. Zhuikovaa, T. P. Gradoboevab, *, and G. A. Batalovaa, ** a
Federal Agricultural Scientific Center of the Northeast, Kirov, 610007 Russia Breeding Station, Branch of the Federal Agricultural Scientific Center of the Northeast, selo Falenki, Kirov oblast, 612500 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] **e-mail: [email protected]
bFalenskaya
Received January 24, 2020; revised February 6, 2020; accepted February 15, 2020
Abstract—Weather factors usually favor the development of loose smut and crown rust in the northeast of the European part of the Russian Federation. During the growing season of 2017–2019, precipitation and heat resources widely varied that affected the development of these diseases under natural conditions. The aim of the work was to demonstrate the effectiveness of using artificial infectious backgrounds in breeding of oats under unstable weather conditions typical of this region. Different types of naked and covered oats were studied in terms of their susceptibility to loose smut and crown rust. Assessment of different genotypes in the infectious backgrounds enabled determining plant responses to pathogens regardless of the abiotic factors. In the years of research, the degree of damage to the susceptible cultivars caused by loose smut and crown rust attained 100 and 82%, respectively. Analysis of weather effects on oat diseases over critical ontogenetic periods revealed a generally negative dependence of the loose smut development on temperature and precipitation during the period from flowering to milk ripeness and a highly positive dependence of the crown rust development on these factors during the period from forming leaf-tube to flowering. Keywords: oats, loose smut, crown rust, infectious background, weather conditions DOI: 10.3103/S1068367420040217
Designing highly productive agroecosystems and sustaining their ecological stability play decisive roles in the up-to-date concepts on progress in plant production. Creation of agricultural cultivars possessing group and complex disease resistance is an urgent issue in this regard [1]. In the northeast region of the European part of the Russian Federation, smut (caused by Ustilago spp.) and crown rust (caused by Puccinia spp.) [2] are fungal infections that bring about local outbreaks that take place more and more often and ultimately become epidemic [3]. Thus, resistance to these diseases is an important task for breeding of oat cultivars intended for allocation in this region of Russia. Loose smut occurs every year and more or less affects most of the cultivated varieties of oat. The grain of diseased plants becomes useless both as food and forage. Crown rust takes place in all zones of oat cultivation, but its symptoms are not annually seen. If uredospores of this fungus are placed onto rain or dew droplets on the leaves, they germinate and form pustules producing new uredospores. The infected plants exhibit disturbed assimilation,
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