Immunoproteasome Activity in the Nervous System
Intracellular protein degradation is prevalently carried out by the nonlysosomal ubiquitin proteolytic system; to enter this pathway, the protein has to be tagged by oligomers of ubiquitin, because in this form it becomes a selective target of the proteas
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Immunoproteasome Activity in the Nervous System
M. T. Rinaudo . M. Piccinini
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Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
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Intracellular Systems Involved in Protein Degradation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.4.4 3.4.5
The Proteasomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 The 26S Proteasome, 20S Proteasome, 11S Reg‐20S Proteasome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 The Immunoproteasome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 The Proteasome and the Immunoproteasome in the Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 The Immunoproteasome and Neurological Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Parkinson’s Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 Alzheimer’s Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 Huntington’s Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 Glioblastoma Multiforme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
4
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
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2008 Springer ScienceþBusiness Media, LLC.
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Immunoproteasome activity in the nervous system
Abstract: Intracellular protein degradation is prevalently carried out by the nonlysosomal ubiquitin proteolytic system; to enter this pathway, the protein has to be tagged by oligomers of ubiquitin, because in this form it becomes a selective target of the proteasome, the central protease of the pathway. The repertoire of proteins degraded by the proteasome is continually growing, and it has been elucidated that the proteasome activity is essential in a wide range of vital cellular processes extending from cell division and differentiation, DNA repair, transcription factor and regulatory protein processing, and membrane receptor internalization to inflammatory response and antigen presentation
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