Impact Assessment and Evaluation in Transportation Planning
Impact Assessment and Evaluation in Transportation Planning contains a refreshing approach to transportation planning by integrating impact analysis and evaluation methodology. It is original in that impact assessment and evaluation are brought together i
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Transportation Research, Economics and Policy VOLUME 2
Editorial Board
Yossi Berechman Department of Economics & Public Policy, Tel Aviv University, Israel Peter Nijkamp Department of Regional, Urban & Environmental Economics, Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Kenneth Small Department of Economics, University of California at Irvine, U.S.A.
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
Impact Assessment and Evaluation in Transportation Planning by
PETER NIJKAMP and
EDDY BLAAS Free University of Amsterdam
,. lII....
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.v.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nijkamp, Peter. Impact assessment and evaluation in transportat ion planning / by Peter Nijkamp and Eddy Blaas. p. cm. -- (Transportat i on, research, econom i cs and po 1 i cy ;
2) Includes bibl iographical references. ISBN 978-90-481-4353-5 ISBN 978-94-015-8293-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-015-8293-3
1. Transportation--Planning. III. Series.
HE147.5.N55 1994 388' .068--dc20
1. Blaas, Eddy.
II. Title.
93-42462
ISBN 978-90-481-4353-5
Printed an acid-free paper
AII Rights Reserved © 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published byKluwer Academic Publishers in 1994 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 15t edition 1994 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form ar by any means, electronic ar mechanical, including phatocopying, recording ar by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface
xi
PART A TRANSPORTATION PLANNING: SHIFTING BOUNDARIES Chapter 1
Transportation Planning: A Theatre of Operations 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 1.5. 1.6 1.7 1.8
Chapter 2
Planning as the Art of Communication The 'Climate' of Opinion and a 'Search Agenda' The 'Menu' of Operations and the Instruments Box The Position of Transport Transportation Planning: A Field in Motion The Development Potential of Transportation Infrastructure Transportation as a Source of Conflict Organisation of the Book
3 3 4 6 8 10 13 15 19
Need for Decision Support in Transportation Planning
21
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4
21 22
Introduction The Structure of Planning Problems Decision Support Methods Computerized Information Systems
25
30
PARTB IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING Chapter 3
Principles of Impact Assessment
35
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7
35 37 38 40 41 45 49
Preamble The Need for Impact Analysis Elements of Impact Analysis Caveats in Impact Analysis Criteria for an Appropriate Impact Assessment Impact Analysis in Transportation Infrastructure Planning Concluding Remarks v
Table of Contents
vi
Chapter 4
A Review of Impact Analysis Methods
51
4.1 4.2
51 53 53 54 55 56 56 56
4.3
Chapter 5
Introduction Micro Studies 4.2.1 Introduction 4.2.2 Controlled experimentation 4.2.3 Quasi-experimentation 4.2.4 Non-experimentation Macro Studies 4.3.1 Introduction 4.3.2 Macro studies without an explicit model 4.3.3 Macro studies with an
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