Impact of Chalcogenophenes on Donor-Acceptor Copolymers for Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
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Article www.springer.com/13233 pISSN 1598-5032 eISSN 2092-7673
Impact of Chalcogenophenes on Donor-Acceptor Copolymers for Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells Nam Gi Cho1 Sanchari Shome 2 Eun Sang Yu1 Hee Jeong Shin2 Bo Ram Lee3 In Tae Kim*,1 Hyosung Choi*,2
1
Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea 3 Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48513, Korea 2
Received April 13, 2020 / Revised June 17, 2020 / Accepted July 10, 2020
Abstract: Three new selenophene-based conjugated copolymers having different ratios of the monomeric units were designed, synthesized and thoroughly characterized. The introduction of an electron-poor and surfaced building moiety like selenathiazole was highly efficient in tuning the bandgap and polymer properties. The chalcogenophene-based medium-bandgap polymers demonstrated low-lying HOMO energy levels (~5.87 eV), which is benign for use in multi-junction polymer solar cell applications. The representative polymers with heavy atoms revealed the change in electronegativity and atomic size that highly affected the molecular property, its topological features, and photovoltaic properties in polymer solar cells. The selenium-substituted (0.5:0.5) polymer donors showed power conversion efficiencies above 3% when combined with [6,6]-phenylC71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM) acceptors in a quintessential bulkheterojunction solar cell. Keywords: conjugated copolymers, medium-bandgap, selenathiazole, copolymerization, inverted device.
1. Introduction A feasible substitute to silicon solar cells is the bulk heterojunction solar cells with single junction devices where the efficiencies now surpass 16.5%.1 The introduction of non-fullerene small molecule acceptors as a replacement has enhanced the efficiencies of the Organic solar cells to a new height. Although the efficiencies are still lower than the current silicon-based devices, the above-mentioned devices are cost effective,2 light weight, flexible and semi-transparent3 making them fascinating for an explicit inclusion in present-day device engineering.4 The uses of polymer donor and fullerene acceptors have been widely investigated. Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) is being used as a cheaper fullerene acceptor, however sometimes the phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) a costlier alternative is also used due to its high absorption. Several modifications in the synthesis of donors and acceptors were contrived to enhance the power conversion efficiencies (PCE’s) Acknowledgments: The first two authors equally contributed to this work. This research was conducted in 2019 during the sabbatical research year of Kwangwoon University. This work was supported by Energy Demand Management Technology Program of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP), granted financial resource from Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy, Republic
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