Controlling donor crystallinity and phase separation in bulk heterojunction solar cells by the introduction of orthogona
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MRS Advances © 2018 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2018.436
Controlling donor crystallinity and phase separation in bulk heterojunction solar cells by the introduction of orthogonal solvent additives Shahidul Alam1,2, Rico Meitzner1,2, Christian Kaestner3, Christoph Ulbricht5, Stephanie Hoeppener1,4, Daniel A.M. Egbe5, Ulrich S. Schubert1,2, Harald Hoppe1,2 1
Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
2 Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
3 Institute of Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Am Helmholtzring 1, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
4 Jena Centre for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
5
Institute of Polymeric Materials and Testing, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
ABSTRACT
The bulk heterojunction morphology of organic solar cells widely controls their device efficiency and stability. Structural order and domain size of the donor phase strongly impact the charge separation efficiency, recombination rates, and the hole percolation through the bulk to the electrode. Herewith, we report a comprehensive study on the control of polymeric order already initiated in solution by the introduction of orthogonal solvent additives to the common solution of anthracene containing poly(p-phenylene-ethynylene)-alt-poly(pphenylene-vinylene) (PPE-PPV) copolymer, bearing statistically substituted linear octyloxy and 2-ethylhexyloxy side-chains in 1:1 ratio along the backbone (AnE-PVstat), and fullerene derivative phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). The first solvent, a 1:1 blend of chlorobenzene and chloroform, had been discovered to promote phase separation in solution and deposited films. This effect could be further enhanced and was precisely controlled by addition of methanol to the common solution in various volume fractions. Thus the ability to transfer the polymer aggregates from the solution into films was applied to solar cells and is investigated in detail. Corresponding Author: Shahidul Alam, E-mail: [email protected]
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INTRODUCTION Organic electronics remains an active area of research and development, mainly due to the potential low-cost production[1],[2],[3], flexibility[4],[5] or semitransparency[6],[7]. Firstly, applications in modern science, e.g. organic light emitting diodes (OLED) and field effect transistors (OFET)[8], recently more exciting products such as OLED TVs and smartphone displays[9] prove the research success on organic semiconductors over the last decades, and give rise for future application in organic photovoltaics (OPV). Fortuna
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