Impact of Elevated CO 2 on Two Successive Generations of CO 2 Responsive Maize Genotype
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FULL-LENGTH RESEARCH ARTICLE
Impact of Elevated CO2 on Two Successive Generations of CO2 Responsive Maize Genotype Ira Khan1
•
M. Vanaja1 • P. Sathish1 • P. Vagheera1
Received: 27 August 2018 / Accepted: 29 November 2019 Ó NAAS (National Academy of Agricultural Sciences) 2019
Abstract A CO2-responsive maize (Zea mays L.) genotype, Harsha, was selected to assess its response to elevated CO2 in successive generation. The selfed seeds harvested from elevated CO2 (eCO2) raised maize plants were sown in open-top chambers (OTCs) to raise second generation (H-II) plants along with fresh seeds as first generation (H-I) under both ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (550 ppm) CO2 (eCO2) conditions. It was observed that second-generation (H-II) plants also showed improved performance under eCO2 for morphological and physiological parameters. It is pertinent to mention that the H-II plants were more vigorous even under ambient CO2 (aCO2) condition as compared to H-I plants. The vigor of H-II plants was higher for majority of the morphological and biomass parameters under both aCO2 and eCO2. In H-II, the increased photosynthetic rate (Anet) was 6% and decrease in transpiration rate (Tr) was 49%, which resulted in significant increase (110%) in water use efficiency. This reveals that the elevated CO2 improved the physiological performance of the maize plant over the generations. These results clearly elucidate that a C4 crop like maize can respond to elevated CO2 and higher response in subsequent generations may favor the crop resilience under changed climatic conditions. Keywords Successive generations Biomass Water use efficiency
Introduction Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most extensively grown C4 crop in the world [31]. This cereal crop is used for many purposes other than human food because of its broad global distribution, low price, diverse grain types and its wide range of biological and industrial properties [2]. Global demand for the C4 crop maize is expected to exceed that for & Ira Khan [email protected] M. Vanaja [email protected] P. Sathish [email protected] P. Vagheera [email protected] 1
Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad 500059, India
wheat and rice by 2020, making it the world’s most important crop [23]. Experiments have proved that eCO2 brings about various physiological and growth changes in plants; however, it is still unclear whether these changes are inherited or these responses change in subsequent generations. There is little information available on variations in the responses of plants in more than one generation to higher CO2 levels. By impacting the growth responses of the plant, the effects of enhanced CO2 can be extended to more than one generation [17, 28]. The C3 annual grass Bromus madritensis responded positively to elevated CO2 for the growth rate, and the next generation plants also showed higher response as compared to ambient CO2 grown plants [14]. The studies done on Poa annua by Bezemer et al. [3] revealed that the plant growth
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