Impact of glues used for RFIDs on the longevity and flight muscles of the stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata (Apidae:
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Original article
Impact of glues used for RFIDs on the longevity and flight muscles of the stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata (Apidae: Meliponini) Rogério Hartung TOPPA1 , Mariana Victorino Nicolosi ARENA1 , Cláudia Inês da SILVA1 , Peter MARENDY2,3 , Paulo de SOUZA4 , Elaine Cristina Mathias da SILVA-ZACARIN5 1
Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Núcleo de Estudos em Ecologia da Paisagem e Conservação (NEEPC), Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil 2 CSIRO | Data61, Pullenvale, QLD 4069, Australia 3 School of Technology, Environments and Design, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, TAS 7005, Australia 4 School of Information and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Technology (N44) 1.03, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia 5 Departamento de Biologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ecotoxicologia e Conservação de Abelhas (NuPECA), Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil Received 19 February 2020 – Revised 9 October 2020 – Accepted 28 October 2020
Abstract – We conducted several tests on the stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata aiming to determine the impact of the glue used for applying radio frequency identification (RFID) tags on this bee species. The study was organized in three experimental sets, in which we evaluated the effects of a synthetic glue, a natural glue (shellac), and the effects of the bee manipulation alone (control group). We performed (i) an in vitro experiment (bioassay), in which we tested five different experimental treatments in triplicate: chip plus synthetic glue, chip plus shellac, synthetic glue, shellac, and control, totaling 150 bees (n = 30 per treatment); (ii) field experiments, in which we tested the RFID tracking system composed of RFID tags, reading units, antennas, and circuit boards; and (iii) the morphological and histochemical analyses of the flight muscles of bees collected from each experimental treatment (n = 5 per treatment) at 48 h after the beginning of bioassay. Use of the natural glue, as opposed to the synthetic glue, promoted an increase of the bees’ longevity while inhibiting detrimental impacts on their foraging activities, as observed by both the bioassay and field experiments. We found negative responses to the synthetic glue treatment combined with the electronic tags, showing that the natural glue induces less morphological damage to the flight muscles of tagged stingless bees. Tracking systems / Survivorship analysis / Bioassay / Electronic tags / Histopathology
1. INTRODUCTION The use of miniaturized tracking devices on bees has increased in the last decade in an attempt to better understand the dynamics, biology, and ecology of these important pollinators (Kissling Corresponding author: R. Toppa, [email protected]. Toppa, [email protected]; E. Silva-Zacarin, [email protected]. Silva-Zacarin, [email protected] Handling Editor: Marina Meixner
et al. 2014; Nunes-Silva et al. 2018, and references therein). Radio frequency identification (RFID) tags present a good option for data acquisition, as they are low cost, are light enough
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