Essential and Potentially Toxic Elements from Brazilian Geopropolis Produced by the Stingless Bee Melipona quadrifasciat
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Essential and Potentially Toxic Elements from Brazilian Geopropolis Produced by the Stingless Bee Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides Using ICP OES Rodrigo da Cruz Ferreira 1 & Fernanda de Souza Dias 2 & Caroline de Aragão Tannus 2 & Filipe Barbosa Santana 3 & Daniele Cristina Muniz Batista dos Santos 3 & Fábio de Souza Dias 4 Marina Siqueira de Castro 5 & Hugo Neves Brandão 6 & Aníbal de Freitas Santos Júnior 2 & Lidércia Cavalcanti Ribeiro Cerqueira e Silva 1 & Fábio Alexandre Chinalia 1
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Received: 20 August 2020 / Accepted: 20 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides is a species of stingless bee popularly known in Brazil as “mandaçaia”. Products derived from bees for food and therapeutic uses, have stimulated the evaluation of the chemical composition of geopropolis. Concentrations of 24 essential and potentially toxic elements were determined in geopropolis samples, using a sequential optical emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma (ICP OES) after microwave-assisted acid digestion. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to carry out an exploratory analysis of the samples. The following elements were quantified (in mg Kg−1): Al (320,414.40–36,911.1), As (
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