Impact of Stabilizer on In Situ Formation of Ag Nanoparticles in Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Matrix
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MRS Advances © 2019 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2019.236
Impact of Stabilizer on In Situ Formation of Ag Nanoparticles in Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Matrix Maryam Sarkarata,*, Amira B. Meddebb, Sridhar Komarnenic, Zoubeida Ounaiesb a
Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, PA 16802 USA
b
Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, PA 16802
c
Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, PA 16802
Corresponding author . Email: [email protected]
Abstract: In situ synthesis of Ag nanoparticles in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was investigated using different stabilizers such as 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS) and 1-dodecanethiol (thiol). Although PVDF is a matrix, it also functions as a stabilizer. Results of UV-vis spectroscopy showed that when APS or PVDF was used, Ag nanoparticles were formed. Yet no formation occurred when thiol was used due to the complexation of Ag+ ions by thiol. Polar groups on stabilizers has an important effect on complexation process. APS, a nitrogenbased ligand, has hard base character inhibiting the complexation between Ag+ and APS. Consequently, Ag+ ions are reduced to Ag nanoparticles in N,N dimethyl formamide (DMF), which acts as a solvent and reducing agent. Transition Electron Microscopy (TEM) image showed a uniform distribution of spherical Ag nanoparticles in PVDF matrix in the presence of APS. The electrical properties of flexible nano-metal polymer were tested and the highest improvements in breakdown strength and energy density of 33 and 58 %, respectively were measured with 0.05 wt.% Ag content and APS as a stabilizer.
INTRODUCTION Materials based on nanometer-sized metal particles have received increasing attention due to their novel electronic, magnetic, and optical properties. Metallic nanoparticles have a wide range of applications in biomedicine, optoelectronics, energy, and industrial applications such as catalysis, automotive, aerospace and electronic components [1-3]. Finely–dispersed metallic nanoparticles in a polymeric matrix can act
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as dielectric insulators due to their small size and a wide separation of charges. In quantum mechanics, this phenomenon is known as the Coulomb blockade. [4-5]. Achieving a uniform dispersion of nanoparticles in the polymer is a crucial step to obtain the optimal electrical properties for the given nanocomposite [6-7]. Polymer nanocomposites tend to exhibit aggregated particles due to (i) tendency of nanoparticles to agglomerate when added to the polymer, and (ii) the relatively high viscosity of polymers [8-9]. As a result of these factors, these materials suffer from poor electrical properties. A possible solution for this challenge is in situ s
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