High electrochemical stability of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) porous membranes using phase inversion methods for lith
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ORIGINAL PAPER
High electrochemical stability of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) porous membranes using phase inversion methods for lithium-ion batteries Zaniar Tabani 1 & Hafez Maghsoudi 1
&
Abolfazl Fathollahi Zonouz 2
Received: 3 August 2020 / Revised: 23 September 2020 / Accepted: 11 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) porous membranes were prepared by non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) method. The membranes were made by different compositions of binary N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone/acetone mixture as the solvent. Ethanol and deionized water were utilized as the non-solvent. The effect of the composition of the two solvents on the structural, mechanical, and electrochemical properties of the membranes was investigated in the lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Results show that by increasing the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) content of the solvent, the electrolyte uptake of the membrane is increased. Furthermore, using ethanol as non-solvent results in more uniform membranes with higher porosity. All of the synthesized samples demonstrate better results, as compared to the Celgard 2400, except for the tensile strength. Specifically, a membrane with good physical and electrochemical properties is achieved when the ratio of NMP/acetone is 40:60 (by weight). That sample is selected as the optimal membrane. Thermal shrinkage of optimal sample at 160 °C is 37.5% while that is 90.7% for Celgard 2400. Its ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability are 1.2 mS/cm and up to 5 V, respectively. The initial capacity of the optimal sample (NMP/acetone of 40:60) is 141 mAh/g while the reported value for Celgard 2400 is 126 mAh/g. These results indicate that PVDF porous membranes prepared by the proposed NIPS method show good electrochemical stability and cycling performance for the application of LIBs. Keywords Electrochemical stability . Lithium-ion batteries . PVDF . Porous membrane . Thermal shrinkage
Introduction Since few years ago, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been regarded as a substantial subset of rechargeable batteries with features such as lightweight, high density of energy, lower rate of self-discharge, and more durable life cycle. These types of batteries have been extensively utilized in electronics consumptions, including mobile phones, electric vehicles, hybrid-electric vehicles, and portable computers [1–8]. These batteries are mainly composed of cathode, anode,
* Hafez Maghsoudi [email protected] 1
Chemical Engineering Faculty and Nanostructure Materials Research Center (NMRC), Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz 53318-17634, Iran
2
Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
electrolyte, and a separator. Notably, the primary function of the separator is prevention of internal short circuit between cathode and anode as well as increasing the rapid transfer of lithium ions [9–12]. Currently, separators used in commercialize
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