Impact of Temperature, Nutrients and Heavy Metals on Bacterial Diversity and Ecosystem Functioning Studied by Freshwater
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Impact of Temperature, Nutrients and Heavy Metals on Bacterial Diversity and Ecosystem Functioning Studied by Freshwater Microcosms and High‑Throughput DNA Sequencing Tianma Yuan1 · Alan J. McCarthy2 · Yixin Zhang3 · Raju Sekar1 Received: 5 February 2020 / Accepted: 20 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Microbial communities are fundamental components in freshwater, and community shifts in ecosystem structure are indicative of changing environmental conditions. This study aimed at investigating the influence of key environmental parameters on bacterial diversity and ecosystem functioning (i.e. organic matter breakdown) in laboratory freshwater microcosms. The effects of varying temperatures (5, 20 and 35 °C), nutrients (representing low, medium and high urbanization) and heavy metals Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) on bacterial diversity and organic matter (OM) breakdown were studied by using leaf bags and capsules filled with polycaprolactonediol-2000 (PCP-2000), respectively. The leaf-associated bacterial diversity was determined by next-generation sequencing of SSU rRNA gene amplicons. The results showed that bacterial diversity increased at high temperature (35 °C) with more operational taxonomic units (OTUs) as compared to medium (20 °C) or low (5 °C) temperatures, whereas nutrient variation had fewer effects on the bacterial community structure. In contrast, the presence of heavy metals, especially high concentrations (100 μM) of Cu, reduced the number of OTUs in the leaf-associated bacterial community. The higher temperatures and nutrient levels accelerated PCP-2000 breakdown rate, but this was impeded by a high concentration (100 μM) of Cu in the short term, though no effect of Zn on breakdown rate was observed. The overall results indicate that temperature and variated heavy metals are among the key factors that affect bacterial diversity and ecosystem functioning in freshwater systems.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-020-02138-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Raju Sekar [email protected] 1
Department of Biological Sciences, Xi’an JiaotongLiverpool University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
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Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
3
Research Center of Environmental Protection and Ecological Restoration Technology, Department of Landscape Architecture, Gold Mantis School of Architecture, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Graphic Abstract
Introduction Rapid economic development and high urbanization in China in the recent decades have positively impacted on various aspects of human society. However, urbanization has also been reported to have negative impacts, including issues with surface water quality [1]. Many pollutants associated with urbanization affect freshwater biodiversity, manifested as shif
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