Impacts of Invasive Species in the Laurentian Great Lakes
The Laurentian Great Lakes are subject to numerous anthropogenic perturbations, among which invasive species are notable. Sequential invasions of non-indigenous species have had profound effects within the basin’s ecosystems. Invasive species have altered
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Contents 1 Introduction 2 Dreissenid Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. rostriformis bugensis) 2.1 Overview 2.2 Phosphorous 2.3 Stable Isotopes 2.4 Carbon, Nitrate, and Silica 2.5 Legacy Contaminants 3 Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus) 3.1 Overview 3.2 Stable Isotopes 3.3 Legacy Contaminants 4 Common Reed (Phragmites australis) and Cattail (Typha spp.) 4.1 Overview 4.2 Nitrogen 4.3 Carbon 5 Knowledge Gaps 6 Conclusion References
Abstract The Laurentian Great Lakes are subject to numerous anthropogenic perturbations, among which invasive species are notable. Sequential invasions of non-indigenous species have had profound effects within the basin’s ecosystems. Invasive species have altered ecosystem functioning, trophic dynamics, and nutrient E. M. DeRoy (*) Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada e-mail: [email protected] H. J. MacIsaac Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China Jill Crossman and Chris Weisener (eds.), Contaminants of the Great Lakes, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_593, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
E. M. DeRoy and H. J. MacIsaac
cycling. They have similarly been implicated in affecting contaminant dynamics, including their transport and bioaccumulation. This work is a regional synthesis of aquatic invasive species-induced changes to ecosystem functioning in the Great Lakes and their tributaries. We have highlighted several species whose impacts on legacy contaminant, nutrient, and food web dynamics in these lakes have been particularly strong. Profiled species included filter feeders [zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and quagga mussels (D. rostriformis bugensis)], a fish [round goby (Neogobius melanostomus)], and two invasive plants [common reed (Phragmites australis) and cattail (Typha spp.)]. Collectively, these species showcase invasive species’ ecosystem-wide effects. The Great Lakes have a long invasion history. Despite extensive research efforts, complex food web interactions and synergies between invasive species and concomitant stressors can obscure causality. These interactions underscore the need for long-term, spatially resolved studies to understand invasive species’ direct and indirect effects on invaded ecosystems. Keywords Contaminant, Food web, Impact, Invasive species, Laurentian Great Lakes
1 Introduction The Laurentian Great Lakes provide valuable ecosystem services and harbor the earth’s largest freshwater reservoir. The lakes are, however, subject to numerous stressors including toxic chemicals, nutrient loading, and climate change [1], which may interact synergistically [2]. These stressors have caused extensive but often unpredictable changes over the past few decades. Invasive species – non-indigenous species that cause ecological, economic, or health problems – are one of the most important stressors in the Great Lakes [1, 3]. As such, they serve as o
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