Impedance analysis of zirconium-doped lithium manganese oxide
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Bull Mater Sci (2020)43:294 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-020-02257-6
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Impedance analysis of zirconium-doped lithium manganese oxide SAM MANOVA VEDHANAYAGAM1, SHARMILA SAMINATHAN1,* , B JANARTHANAN1 and J CHANDRASEKARAN2 1
Department of Physics, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, India Department of Physics, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidhyalaya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore 641020, India *Author for correspondence ([email protected]) 2
MS received 16 May 2020; accepted 6 September 2020 Abstract. In recent days, portable electronic devices are indispensable to improve the standard of living, which led to the demand for energy storage devices with good performance. Among the storage devices, rechargeable lithium ion batteries play a vital role due to the good electrical conductivity. In this study, impedance and electrical performance were studied for zirconium-doped Li4Mn5O12 at different concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mol). The structural and morphological properties of the material were studied by powder X-ray diffractometer spectra and scanning electron microscopy analysis. Morphological properties exhibit the combination of polyhedral and needle-shaped particles, which were in micron size. The Nyquist plot indicates the absence of grain boundary effect and explained the bulk property, i.e., the negative temperature co-efficient of resistance property of the material. Zirconium-doped lithium manganese oxide (0.2 mol) exhibits good electrical property than other concentrations. Maximum conductivity was (1.4 9 10-5 S cm-1) observed at 160C for the same. These results suggested that 0.2 mol of zirconium will enhance the electrical property of lithium manganese oxide (Li4Mn5O12). Keywords.
1.
Lithium manganese oxide; zirconium-doped; impedance analysis; electrical studies.
Introduction
In the present scenario, consumption of energy throughout the globe increases with the increase of population and led to the environmental hazards with the emission of CO2 by the energy sources. Researchers all over the world are making sincere efforts in battery technology to reduce the emission of CO2. Among the rechargeable batteries, viz., lead acid, nickel-cadmium, nickel-zinc, zinc-air and silver oxide batteries; lithium-based batteries were widely employed in cell phones, PCs, camcorders, electric vehicles and aerospace due to its advantages like lightweight, fast charging, maintenance free, compact, high energy density, high power density, high cell voltage (3.6 V) and long cycle life. Worldwide, research under process on different chemical combinations and stoichiometry of both electrode (anode and cathode) materials of lithium ion batteries. As a cathode material, lithium manganese oxide received special attention and acts as a promising and alternate for the commercialized material (LiCoO2) because of its advantages like low cost, less toxic nature, abundance Mn source on earth and good reversibility. Among various combi
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